The modern world is, before anything else, built — and it is built by a surprisingly small cast of companies. A French concessions-and-construction group and a Spanish-German group dispute the title of the world's largest international contractor in the ENR rankings (ENR); two Chinese state majors out-build everyone at home; five Japanese houses founded between 1610 and 1892 still divide their country's towers and tunnels between them; and in Omaha and Reston, two of the largest builders on earth publish no accounts at all, because their owners — their employees, and one family in its fifth generation — do not require them to. This guide maps the cast: thirty companies, across six continents, that between them carry the order books for the world's metros, dams, data centres, stadiums, ports and power plants.

For each company: who leads it in October 2026 — a year of unusual succession, with new chief executives at VINCI, Bouygues Construction, Balfour Beatty, Fluor, Obayashi, Hyundai E&C, CCCC, Kajima and Lendlease, and two successions occasioned by deaths in office — with exact published titles; how it is owned and structured, with subsidiaries and parents stated plainly where a famous name sits inside a larger group; its business lines in full across building, civil, energy, industrial work and concessions; its customers as it publishes them; its scale, dated and sourced in every entry, with ENR figures labelled as ENR; its signature projects with their status; its order book; its footprint; and its published contact route — never a guessed one. Where a company does not publish, the entry says so. The gaps are named, in the entries and again at the end.

DIVERSIFIED CONTRACTORS

1. VINCI CONSTRUCTION (WITHIN VINCI GROUP) — NANTERRE, FRANCE

Founded 1899 (VINCI origins as Société Générale d'Entreprises); VINCI Construction in its present form from the 2000 GTM merger · Diversified contractor

Leader: Patrick Sulliot, Chairman of VINCI Construction (head of the construction business line, appointed 28 August 2024); Pierre Anjolras, Chief Executive Officer of VINCI Group (since 1 May 2025) Chair: Xavier Huillard, Chairman of the Board of VINCI (since 1 May 2025, when the Chairman and CEO roles were separated); Patrick Sulliot chairs VINCI Construction

Leadership: VINCI Construction is organised in three divisions — proximity networks (France and international building/civil subsidiaries), major projects, and roads — each with named managing directors published on vinci-construction.com Group Executive Committee includes the heads of VINCI Autoroutes, VINCI Airports, VINCI Energies and VINCI Construction and the Group's general counsel and HR leadership, as published on vinci.com President/COO: Not published as a separate VINCI Construction President/COO title — construction is led by its Chairman under the Group CEO CFO: Thierry Mirville, Deputy Chief Financial Officer of VINCI Group moving to Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (June 2026, per VINCI executive reporting); no separate VINCI Construction CFO title is published

Business: Building — offices, hospitals, data centres, housing; Civil — roads, rail, tunnels, bridges, dams, nuclear civil works (Nuvia); Energy — via sister pole VINCI Energies (outside this entry's construction frame); Industrial — specialist geotechnical, structural and marine works (Soletanche Bachy, Freyssinet, Menard); Concessions — held at group level (VINCI Autoroutes, VINCI Airports), framed here as group context

Customers: Governments and transport authorities (France, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and others as published in contract awards); developers and corporate clients for data centres, hospitals and offices; energy and nuclear operators for specialist works

Scale: VINCI Group revenue €71.6 billion, FY2024 (VINCI annual results); VINCI Construction EBIT €1.4 billion at a 4.2% margin, FY2025, with order intake of €32.1 billion in 2025 (VINCI FY2025 results release). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR, 2026 edition, on 2025 revenue): VINCI ranked No. 2

Signature projects & order book: Grand Paris Express packages (underway, Paris); HS2 civil works packages in joint venture (underway, United Kingdom); Femern Belt fixed link in consortium (underway, Denmark–Germany); Tour Hekla, La Défense (completed 2022); data-centre programmes across Europe (underway, 2025–26 awards of c. €900 million in H1 2026 as reported by VINCI) Order book: €34.2 billion at 31 December 2025 — 13 months of VINCI Construction activity (VINCI FY2025 results release)

Footprint: More than 120 countries at group level; VINCI Construction operates through subsidiaries and proximity networks across Europe, Africa, the Americas, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East, as published

Structure: Business line of VINCI SA, listed on Euronext Paris (CAC 40); employees are a major shareholder bloc through the Castor savings scheme, as published in VINCI's universal registration document Headquarters: 1973 boulevard de la Défense, 92000 Nanterre, France (VINCI Group headquarters, as published)

Website: vinci.com · Contact: Phone: +33 (0)1 57 98 62 88 (VINCI Press Department, as published) Email: media.relations@vinci.com (VINCI Press Department, as published) Access: Contract awards and project pages on vinci-construction.com; supplier and careers portals on vinci.com; press route as published above

VINCI descends from Société Générale d'Entreprises (1899) and GTM; the 2000 merger created the modern VINCI, whose construction pole — VINCI Construction — unites building, civil engineering, roads (former Eurovia activities integrated since 2021) and specialist subsidiaries such as Soletanche Bachy, Freyssinet, Nuvia and Terre Armée. This entry is framed within VINCI Group: concessions and energy sit in sister poles, and group figures are labelled as such. The world's largest contractor by international revenue after ACS/Hochtief in the ENR 2026 International ranking, run as a decentralised network of hundreds of local subsidiaries under one construction pole — a model no peer replicates at this scale Framing note: VINCI Construction has no separate listing, accounts or board — every figure in this entry is labelled Group or Construction-pole as published. The Chairman/CEO separation took effect 1 May 2025.

Sources: VINCI FY2025 results release and 14 April 2026 AGM release (vinci.com); VINCI appointment release for Patrick Sulliot, 28 Aug 2024; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (enr.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

2. BOUYGUES CONSTRUCTION — GUYANCOURT (PARIS REGION), FRANCE

Founded 1952 (Bouygues founded by Francis Bouygues); Bouygues Construction as the group's building and civil works arm · Diversified contractor

Leader: Pierre-Éric Saint-André, Chief Executive Officer of Bouygues Construction (since 1 January 2026) Chair: Pascal Minault, Chairman of Bouygues Construction (since 1 January 2026; previously Chairman and CEO), who also oversees all Bouygues group construction businesses in the new Construction Division

Leadership: Named operating heads include the CEOs of Bouygues Travaux Publics, Bouygues Bâtiment International, Bouygues Bâtiment France and Dragages Hong Kong, as published in the January 2026 governance release Executive Committee as published January–September 2026 includes the Deputy CEOs for civil works and international building and the heads of building France and specialist activities (mining, VSL International) President/COO: Bertrand Burtschell, Deputy CEO of Bouygues Construction and CEO of Bouygues Travaux Publics (since 1 January 2026); Philippe Jouy, Deputy CEO with responsibility for Bouygues Bâtiment International CFO: Clotilde Solier, Chief Financial Officer of Bouygues Construction (since 1 September 2026, succeeding Julien Toqueboeuf)

Business: Building — hospitals, data centres, offices, housing, education in France and internationally; Civil — tunnels, bridges, metros, mining infrastructure, marine works (Bouygues Travaux Publics, VSL); Energy — energy production and transmission infrastructure heritage from Bouygues Energies & Services (now in Equans, outside this entry); Industrial — mining and complex industrial civil works; Concessions — project concessions and PPPs in transport and buildings, with Colas road concessions in the wider Construction Division

Customers: French state and local authorities; transport authorities (metros, tunnels); hospital and university clients; developers and technology clients for data centres; mining companies for civil works

Scale: Bouygues Construction revenue €10.6 billion, FY2025 (Bouygues Construction, July 2026 Vannoy acquisition release). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Bouygues ranked No. 3 (group basis, as listed by ENR)

Signature projects & order book: Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge sections (completed 2018); Potomac River Tunnel (underway, Washington DC); Pawtucket Tunnel (underway, Rhode Island, United States); Pier Sixty-Six (underway, Florida); Grand Paris Express civil packages (underway); Vannoy Construction acquired 30 June 2026 (United States building platform, €873 million 2025 revenue) Order book: Not published as a single Bouygues Construction total in the releases consulted for this edition — the wider Construction Division (with Colas and Bouygues Immobilier) reports sales above €27 billion; the gap is named in the README

Footprint: Around 50 countries, with established subsidiaries in France, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Canada and the United States, as published

Structure: Wholly owned subsidiary of Bouygues SA, listed on Euronext Paris; the Bouygues family holding SCDM is the group's reference shareholder, as published Headquarters: Challenger, 1 avenue Eugène Freyssinet, 78061 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Guyancourt), France (Bouygues Construction headquarters, as published)

Website: bouygues-construction.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard on the construction site — contact is routed through bouygues-construction.com forms Email: Not published — no general email is published; enquiries route through the website contact form Access: Project and subsidiary directories on bouygues-construction.com; careers and supplier portals via bouygues.com; media room at mediaroom.bouygues-construction.com

Francis Bouygues founded the Paris building firm in 1952; it grew into the Bouygues group (telecoms, media, energy services) while Bouygues Construction — with Bouygues Bâtiment, Bouygues Travaux Publics and subsidiaries such as Dragages (Hong Kong, Singapore), VSL and AW Edwards (Australia, acquired 2018) — remained its original trade. In January 2026 the group formed a single Construction Division bringing Bouygues Construction together with Colas and Bouygues Immobilier, with combined sales above €27 billion. A top-three ENR international contractor that still sits inside a family-influenced diversified group — and, from 2026, inside a single Construction Division with Colas, Europe's largest road builder Governance changed on 1 January 2026: Chairman and CEO roles separated, Saint-André appointed CEO, Minault retained as Chairman — verified against the 14 January 2026 appointment release. CFO changed again on 1 September 2026 (Solier).

Sources: Bouygues Construction appointment releases, 14 Jan 2026 and 3 Sep 2026 (bouygues.com); Bouygues Construction governance release, Jan 2026 (mediaroom.bouygues-construction.com); Vannoy acquisition release, Jul 2026; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

3. ACS GROUP (INCLUDING HOCHTIEF) — MADRID (ACS); ESSEN (HOCHTIEF), SPAIN (ACS); GERMANY (HOCHTIEF)

Founded 1997 (ACS formed by merger of OCP Construcciones and Ginés Navarro); Hochtief founded 1873 in Frankfurt · Diversified contractor

Leader: Juan Santamaría Cases, Chief Executive Officer of ACS Group and of Hochtief (re-elected CEO by the ACS board on 8 May 2026, per the CNMV filing of 11 May 2026) Chair: Florentino Pérez Rodríguez, Executive Chairman of ACS Group; the Hochtief Supervisory Board chairmanship is published on hochtief.com

Leadership: Juan Santamaría holds the combined ACS, Hochtief and CIMIC executive chair roles — the integrating figure across the group's three platforms, as published by all three companies ACS/Hochtief executive leadership includes the chief executives of Turner (Peter Davoren), FlatironDragados, Dragados and CIMIC (Executive Chairman Juan Santamaría; President and Executive Director Roberto Gallardo from January 2026) and Hochtief's Executive Board, as published President/COO: Not published as a single group President/COO title — operations are led by the CEOs of Turner, FlatironDragados, Dragados, CIMIC and Hochtief's divisions CFO: Not published as a single ACS Group CFO name in the sources consulted for this edition — group finance leadership is named in ACS's annual corporate governance report; the gap is named in the README

Business: Building — through Turner (United States) and Hochtief and Dragados building arms; Civil — highways, rail, tunnels, bridges through Dragados, FlatironDragados, Hochtief and CPB Contractors (CIMIC); Energy — data centres (a dedicated growth platform, including the 2025 Global Infrastructure Partners platform with an initial 1.7 GW portfolio), renewables and transmission; Industrial — mining services through Thiess and Sedgman (CIMIC) and industrial construction; Concessions — through Abertis (toll roads, held with Mundys) and Iridium/Hochtief PPP Solutions

Customers: United States federal, state and transport authorities; technology clients for data centres (including Meta projects in the United States, as reported by ACS); Australian federal and state governments; European transport ministries; mining majors through Thiess

Scale: ACS Group sales €41.6 billion, FY2024 (ACS annual results). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Grupo ACS/Hochtief ranked No. 1 — the world's largest international contractor on revenue earned outside its home market

Signature projects & order book: Data-centre programmes in the United States, Spain, Australia and Chile (underway); Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, New York (completed 2018, Flatiron/Dragados heritage); Sydney Metro packages through CPB Contractors (underway); WestConnex stages, Sydney (completed/underway via CIMIC); Abertis toll-road network (operational concession) Order book: ACS Group backlog at a record level above €80 billion in its 2025 reporting (ACS results releases) — carried as reported by ACS with its date; Hochtief reports its own order book in its annual report

Footprint: Operations in more than 40 countries; revenue concentrated in the United States (c. 59% in recent reporting), Australia (c. 18%) and Spain, with Canada and Germany — geographic split as published in ACS reporting

Structure: ACS Actividades de Construcción y Servicios SA, listed in Madrid (IBEX 35); Florentino Pérez is the reference shareholder. Hochtief AG, listed in Frankfurt (MDAX), is majority-owned by ACS. CIMIC was delisted in 2022 and is wholly owned within the group Headquarters: Avenida de Pío XII 102, 28036 Madrid, Spain (ACS headquarters, as published); Hochtief: Alfredstraße 236, 45133 Essen, Germany (as published on Hochtief releases)

Website: grupoacs.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general group switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via grupoacs.com and hochtief.com Email: Not published — no general email is published; Hochtief press contact is published as presse@hochtief.de on its releases Access: Investor and project pages on grupoacs.com and hochtief.com; operating-company entry points (Turner, FlatironDragados, CIMIC) each publish their own contacts

ACS, built under Florentino Pérez, assembled Dragados (Spain), a controlling stake in Hochtief of Germany (founded 1873), Turner Construction (United States, acquired via Hochtief in 1999), Flatiron and Dragados in North American civil works (combined as FlatironDragados in 2025) and CIMIC in Australia (taken private in 2022). The group is honestly structured here as one entry: Hochtief is ACS's listed German platform (ACS holds a majority), Turner and FlatironDragados are its North American builders, and CIMIC — covered in its own entry for its Australian scale — is its Asia-Pacific platform. Turner also appears separately in the Building category for its distinct United States building business. The only contractor group that leads three continental platforms at once — Turner/FlatironDragados in North America, Hochtief/Dragados in Europe and CIMIC in Asia-Pacific — under one chief executive Structure stated plainly: Turner and CIMIC are not independent of ACS — Turner is a Hochtief company and CIMIC is wholly owned within the group since its 2022 delisting. Both receive framed entries in this guide because of their scale, with the ownership stated in each entry.

Sources: ACS CNMV filing on CEO re-election, 11 May 2026; ACS/Hochtief ENR rankings release, 22 May 2026 (hochtief.de); ACS–GIP data-centre platform release, 2025 (global-infra.com); ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

4. SKANSKA — STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN

Founded 1887 (founded in Malmö, Sweden, as a concrete products manufacturer) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Anders Danielsson, President and Chief Executive Officer, Skanska Group (in office through the 31 March 2026 AGM and 2026 releases) Chair: Hans Biörck, Chair of the Board (re-elected at the Annual General Meeting, 31 March 2026)

Leadership: Skanska USA is led by its own President and CEO; the Group Executive Team roster is published in full on group.skanska.com Group Executive Team as published includes Therese Tegner (EVP, Human Resources), Lena Hök (EVP, Sustainability and Innovation) and the business-unit presidents, including the President of Skanska USA President/COO: Not published as a separate President/COO title — business units (Construction, Residential Development, Commercial Property Development, Investment Properties) are led by named Executive Vice Presidents CFO: Magnus Persson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, as published in Skanska's group leadership listing

Business: Building — commercial, healthcare, education and data centres (a record growth market in the United States in 2025–26); Civil — roads, rail, bridges and water infrastructure in the Nordics, Europe and the United States; Energy — energy-efficient development and retrofit within project development; Industrial — limited, through specialist civil and manufacturing facilities work; Concessions — project development and investment properties rather than classic concessions; Skanska develops residential and commercial property on its own balance sheet

Customers: United States technology clients for data centres (repeat-client campus programmes, as published); Nordic and European public authorities; healthcare and university clients; transport agencies in the United States and Europe

Scale: Group revenue SEK 179 billion, FY2025 (Skanska, as published in its 2026 releases); c. 25,900 employees. ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Skanska ranked No. 8

Signature projects & order book: Four data centres for an existing client in the south-eastern United States, US$1.2 billion contract (awarded August 2026); LaGuardia Airport Terminal B redevelopment, New York (completed, PPP); Öresund approach and Scandinavian transport programmes (underway); Slussen redevelopment, Stockholm (underway) Order book: Record order bookings of SEK 68 billion in Q2 2026 alone, a book-to-bill ratio of 114% on a rolling 12-month basis (Skanska Q2 2026 reporting, as published)

Footprint: Selected markets in the Nordics, Europe (including the United Kingdom, Poland, Czechia) and the United States, as published — Skanska exited most other geographies by design

Structure: Skanska AB, listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (large cap); Industrivärden is the largest shareholder, as published Headquarters: Warfvinges väg 25, 112 74 Stockholm, Sweden (Skanska headquarters, as published)

Website: group.skanska.com · Contact: Phone: +46 (0)10 448 88 99 (Skanska media direct line, as published on its releases) Email: Not published — no general email is published; media and investor contacts are named on group.skanska.com Access: Market and project pages on group.skanska.com and skanska.com country sites; named media contact Jacob Birkeland, Head of Media Relations, as published

Founded in 1887 in Malmö, Skanska grew from Scandinavian building into one of the world's largest construction and project-development companies, listed in Stockholm, with a deliberately selective footprint: the Nordics, selected European markets and the United States, where its data-centre and civil businesses have driven record order intake in 2025–26. The selective contractor: fewer countries than any top-ten peer, a development business beside contracting, and — in 2026 — the Financial Times/Statista ranking as Europe's Best Employer TIME named Skanska among the World's Most Sustainable Companies 2026; both that and the employer ranking are recorded from Skanska's own releases. CFO and executive-team names are as published on the group leadership page at press time.

Sources: Skanska AGM communiqué, 31 Mar 2026; Skanska releases on Europe's Best Employers 2026 and TIME sustainability ranking (skanska.com); Skanska Q2 2026 reporting via Construction Digital summary; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

5. STRABAG — VIENNA / VILLACH, AUSTRIA

Founded 1835 (origins in a German ropemaking and building business); STRABAG in its present Austrian form from the 20th-century mergers · Diversified contractor

Leader: Stefan Kratochwill, Chief Executive Officer of STRABAG SE (since 19 February 2025) Chair: Kerstin Gelbmann, Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board (since 1 January 2024)

Leadership: Segment and central-division heads (BMTI construction machinery, CML construction materials, tunnelling, real-estate development) are named in the annual report Management Board in full: Stefan Kratochwill (CEO), Christian Harder, Jörg Rösler, Alfred Watzl, Siegfried Wanker — as published in the 2024 annual report, current in 2026 reporting President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — the Management Board works collegially: Jörg Rösler (North + West), Alfred Watzl (South + East), Siegfried Wanker (International + Special Divisions) CFO: Christian Harder, Management Board member responsible for finance (CFO function), as published in the Annual and Sustainability Report 2024

Business: Building — turnkey building through Züblin and national subsidiaries; Civil — transport infrastructure, tunnelling, ground engineering; Energy — energy infrastructure and environmental technology within International + Special Divisions; Industrial — construction materials, quarries and recycling; Concessions — infrastructure development and PPP project development within its special divisions

Customers: German, Austrian and Central European public authorities (motorway and rail agencies, including Deutsche Bahn and ASFINAG categories); municipalities; developers; energy and water utilities

Scale: Construction output volume c. €19.2 billion, FY2024 (STRABAG Annual and Sustainability Report 2024). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): STRABAG ranked No. 5

Signature projects & order book: Brenner Base Tunnel lots (underway, Austria–Italy); Stuttgart 21 station works through Züblin (underway, Germany); Gotthard road tunnel second tube (underway, Switzerland); HS2 and Thames Tideway packages (underway/completed, United Kingdom) Order book: Order backlog at a record level in 2025 reporting, above €25 billion as published in STRABAG's interim reporting — carried with that date in the README method note

Footprint: Operations concentrated in Germany, Austria and Central and Eastern Europe, with tunnelling and special divisions active worldwide including the United Kingdom, Canada and Chile, as published

Structure: STRABAG SE, listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange; core shareholders are the Haselsteiner family foundation, Raiffeisen/Uniqa interests and — historically — Oleg Deripaska-linked Rasperia, whose stake has been frozen under sanctions, as published in STRABAG's annual report Headquarters: Donau-City-Straße 9, 1220 Vienna, Austria (STRABAG SE headquarters, as published)

Website: strabag.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via strabag.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Country and division pages on strabag.com; investor relations and annual-report site at report.strabag.com

STRABAG SE of Villach and Vienna is Central Europe's largest contractor, built from Austrian and German building traditions (Ed. Züblin is its German arm) and organised in three operating segments — North + West, South + East, and International + Special Divisions. Its recent history is marked by the sudden death of CEO Klemens Haselsteiner on 17 January 2025 and the appointment of Stefan Kratochwill the following month. Europe's workshop contractor: it owns its plant, materials and tunnelling fleets at a scale peers rent, and its Strategy 2030 targets climate neutrality across the value chain by 2040 The CEO succession of February 2025 followed a death in office and is recorded here in full because it defines the current leadership. Rasperia's frozen stake is stated as the annual report states it.

Sources: STRABAG Annual and Sustainability Report 2024 — Boards, Segment Report and CEO's Review (report.strabag.com); STRABAG CEO appointment coverage, Feb 2025; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

6. EIFFAGE — VÉLIZY-VILLACOUBLAY (PARIS REGION), FRANCE

Founded 1993 (Eiffage formed from the Fougerolle and SAE combination; roots to 1844 and, in the group's own dating, to the 1920s predecessor companies) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Benoît de Ruffray, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Eiffage (since January 2016) Chair: Benoît de Ruffray (combined Chairman and CEO role, as published)

Leadership: Division chairmen are named on eiffage.com's governance pages; the Board of Directors list is published in full there Executive Committee as published includes Cécile Cambier (Concessions Director), the chairmen of Eiffage Construction, Eiffage Énergie Systèmes, Eiffage Génie Civil/Métal (Guillaume Sauvé) and Eiffage Route (Laurent Girou) and the motorway-concessions leadership (Camille Bonenfant Jeanneney, from 2025) President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — divisions are led by their chairmen under the Chairman and CEO CFO: Christian Cassayre, Chief Financial Officer (since 2011, as published in Eiffage executive listings)

Business: Building — Eiffage Construction (housing, offices, hospitals, urban development); Civil — Eiffage Génie Civil, Eiffage Métal and Eiffage Route (roads, rail, bridges, offshore steel); Energy — Eiffage Énergie Systèmes (electrical, HVAC, renewables, and the 2025 acquisition of HSM Offshore Energy in the Netherlands); Industrial — metal structures and industrial energy systems; Concessions — APRR/AREA motorways, Millau Viaduct, airports and PPPs

Customers: French state and regions; motorway users through concessions; hospital and university clients (Bordeaux University Hospital institute, as published); European institutions (Frontex headquarters, Warsaw, as published); energy network operators

Scale: Group revenue €23.4 billion, FY2024 (Eiffage annual results), with contracting order book growth of 4% year on year reported at H1 2025 (Eiffage H1 2025 presentation, 27 August 2025)

Signature projects & order book: Millau Viaduct (completed 2004; concession to 2079); Grand Paris Express and Lyon–Turin base tunnel packages (underway); Frontex headquarters, Warsaw (underway, as published); Formula 1 urban circuit works, Madrid (as published, 2025); RTBF headquarters, Brussels (delivered, as published) Order book: Contracting order book up 4% year on year at 30 June 2025 (Eiffage H1 2025 reporting) — the absolute total is carried in Eiffage's financial reports and is not restated here beyond that dated growth figure

Footprint: France first, then Europe (Germany, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Netherlands), Africa and Canada, as published — more than 100,000 projects a year in the group's own count

Structure: Eiffage SA, listed on Euronext Paris; employee shareholding is the largest shareholder bloc (around a fifth of capital), as published in Eiffage's registration document Headquarters: 3–7 place de l'Europe, 78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France (Eiffage headquarters, as published)

Website: eiffage.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via eiffage.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Division and project pages on eiffage.com; governance and board pages name the full executive committee

Eiffage is France's third construction major, formed in 1993 and held in significant part by its employees through the group's savings and shareholding schemes. It combines contracting (construction, infrastructure, energy systems) with motorway and infrastructure concessions (APRR/AREA, Millau Viaduct) — a dual model it shares only with VINCI among French peers. The employee-owned major: the workforce is the anchor shareholder, and the concessions arm (APRR) funds the contracting cycle — the most balanced contracting/concessions mix in France after VINCI Founded dating differs by source (1844 Fougerolle roots; 1920 in some databases; 1993 for Eiffage itself) — all three are stated here rather than one chosen silently.

Sources: Eiffage H1 2025 results presentation, 27 Aug 2025 (eiffage.com); Eiffage governance and board pages (eiffage.com, Oct 2026); Société Générale biography of Benoît de Ruffray; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

7. KIEWIT CORPORATION — OMAHA, NEBRASKA, UNITED STATES

Founded 1884 (founded as Kiewit Brothers, a masonry business in Omaha, Nebraska) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Rick Lanoha, President and Chief Executive Officer, Kiewit Corporation (with Kiewit since 1986; board member since 2009, as published in his Kiewit biography) Chair: Not published as a separate Chairman name in the sources consulted — Kiewit does not publish a board roster as a private company; the gap is named in the README

Leadership: Group and district presidents are named in Kiewit project and market releases; the corporate roster beyond the CEO is partial in public sources Executive Leadership Committee members are referenced in Kiewit biographies; a full published C-suite roster is not available — stated plainly President/COO: Rick Lanoha holds the combined President and CEO title; operating groups (Infrastructure, Power, Industrial, Building, Marine) are led by named group presidents, including Dave Miles, President of Kiewit Infrastructure Group (as published by ENR, 2025) CFO: Not published — Kiewit does not publish a CFO name in the sources consulted

Business: Building — Kiewit Building Group (commercial, healthcare, education); Civil — transportation, water/wastewater, marine and heavy civil, its historic core; Energy — power generation, transmission, oil, gas and chemical plants; Industrial — industrial construction and mining (Kiewit Mining); Concessions — Kiewit Development Company originates and invests in PPPs, including transit and bridge concessions

Customers: United States and Canadian federal, state/provincial and municipal transport and water authorities (including Sound Transit programmes, as published); utilities and power developers; energy and mining companies; developers for building work

Scale: Revenue US$16.84 billion, 2025, with 31,800 employees (company figures as tabulated in 2026 reference reporting of Kiewit Corporation); ENR (ENR) regularly ranks Kiewit among the top United States contractors overall and No. 1 or near it in several heavy sectors

Signature projects & order book: Klamath River Renewal dam-removal programme, California–Oregon (completed 2024; ENR Best Project recognition, as published); Sound Transit Federal Way light-rail extension, Washington (underway/opening, as published); Everglades and United States water programmes (ongoing); Gordie Howe and major bridge programmes in joint ventures (underway) Order book: Not published — Kiewit does not disclose a backlog figure as a private, employee-owned company; the gap is named in the README

Footprint: United States and Canada, with project offices across North America and selected work in Mexico and Australia historically, as published

Structure: Privately held and employee-owned (stock held by active employees, as Kiewit describes its ownership); no published financial statements Headquarters: 1550 Mike Fahey Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68102, United States (Kiewit headquarters — Kiewit Plaza, as published)

Website: kiewit.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard on kiewit.com — district and market contacts are published by office Email: Not published — no general email is published; enquiries route through kiewit.com office and market pages Access: Market, district and project pages on kiewit.com; Kiewit Development Company is the published route for PPP origination

Kiewit is North America's employee-owned contracting institution: founded in Omaha in 1884, built by Peter Kiewit into a Fortune-listed-era giant, then taken and kept private and employee-owned. It self-performs heavy civil, power, water, industrial and building work across the United States and Canada, and — in the pattern this guide calls a 'context' entry — publishes leadership and project information but no accounts. Employee ownership at US$17-billion scale: the largest contractor in North America whose shares can only be held by the people who work there Context entry by design (as briefed): Kiewit publishes no accounts, backlog or board roster, and this entry says so in each affected cell rather than estimating.

Sources: Kiewit leadership biographies and newsroom (kiewit.com); ENR West regional contractor coverage, 25 Aug 2025; Kiewit Corporation reference figures, 2026 reporting; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

8. LARSEN & TOUBRO (L&T CONSTRUCTION) — MUMBAI, INDIA

Founded 1938 (founded in Bombay by Henning Holck-Larsen and Søren Kristian Toubro) · Diversified contractor

Leader: S. N. Subrahmanyan, Chairman and Managing Director (combined role since 2023; CEO and Managing Director from 2017 before taking the chairmanship) Chair: S. N. Subrahmanyan (combined Chairman and Managing Director, as published)

Leadership: Vertical and independent-company CEOs (Buildings & Factories, Transportation Infrastructure, Heavy Civil, PT&D, Water) are named in L&T Construction's leadership pages Executive Committee as published includes the Whole-time Directors for Infrastructure, Energy, Hi-Tech Manufacturing and Corporate Services and the Company Secretary, named in the annual report President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — independent companies (business verticals) are led by named Whole-time Directors and CEOs, including the Infrastructure and Energy vertical leadership published in the annual report CFO: R. Shankar Raman, Whole-time Director and Chief Financial Officer, as published in L&T's annual report

Business: Building — Buildings & Factories (airports, hospitals, data centres, smart campuses); Civil — Heavy Civil Infrastructure (metros, tunnels, bridges, nuclear civil works), Transportation Infrastructure (rail, roads), Water & Effluent Treatment; Energy — Power Transmission & Distribution, Hydrocarbon EPC and Green Energy EPC at group level; Industrial — Hi-Tech Manufacturing (defence, heavy engineering, precision manufacture) at group level; Concessions — L&T historically developed concessions (IDPL) and now contracts predominantly as EPC, as published

Customers: Government of India and state governments (metros, railways, water); airport operators; energy and hydrocarbon majors in India and the Gulf (including Saudi Aramco-category clients as published in order announcements); developers; defence ministries

Scale: Consolidated revenue ₹255,734 crore, FY2024–25 (L&T Annual Report 2024–25) — c. US$30 billion. ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Larsen & Toubro ranked No. 11

Signature projects & order book: Statue of Unity, Gujarat (completed 2018); Mumbai Trans Harbour Link — Atal Setu (completed 2024, packages); Bullet Train (Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail) civil packages (underway); Riyadh and Doha metro heritage works (completed); India's metro programmes in Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai and Dhaka (underway/ongoing); Ram Janmabhoomi Temple, Ayodhya (completed 2024) Order book: Order book above ₹6 lakh crore (c. US$70 billion) in L&T's FY2025 reporting — a record, as published in its results releases; the figure is carried with its year in the README method note

Footprint: India first; the Gulf (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Oman, Kuwait), South and Southeast Asia, Africa and selected markets elsewhere — operations in more than 30 countries, as published

Structure: Larsen & Toubro Limited, listed in Mumbai (BSE/NSE) and widely held; the L&T Employees' Welfare Foundation is a significant shareholder, as published in its annual report Headquarters: L&T House, Ballard Estate, Mumbai 400 001, India (L&T headquarters, as published)

Website: larsentoubro.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via larsentoubro.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the corporate site consulted; investor and media contacts are published in L&T releases Access: Business and order-announcement pages on larsentoubro.com and lntconstructions.com heritage routes; investor relations publishes named contacts

Two Danish engineers founded L&T in Bombay in 1938; it became India's defining engineering house — the builder of its metros, airports, nuclear plants, refineries and the Statue of Unity — organised today as a listed conglomerate whose Infrastructure, Energy and Hi-Tech Manufacturing businesses all contract, with L&T Construction as the contracting core. A. M. Naik's long chairmanship gave way to S. N. Subrahmanyan, who combined the Chairman and Managing Director roles in 2023. A nation-builder that is also a conglomerate: the only firm in this guide that builds the metro, the airport, the refinery and the statue for the same home market — and exports the whole repertoire to the Gulf L&T is entered at group level with its construction core identified, because its verticals contract jointly on most mega-projects; the framing is stated in the entry.

Sources: L&T Annual Report 2024–25 (larsentoubro.com); L&T leadership biographies; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

9. OBAYASHI CORPORATION — TOKYO, JAPAN

Founded 1892 (founded in Osaka by Yoshigoro Obayashi) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Toshimi Sato, Representative Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 1 April 2025) Chair: Takeo Obayashi, Chairman of the Board (member of the founding family; chairman since 2009 in the listings consulted)

Leadership: The full Directors and Executive Officers structure of 1 April 2025 is published in Obayashi's IR notice of 6 March 2025 Representative Directors and Executive Vice Presidents as published 1 April 2025 include Atsushi Sasagawa (Vice Chairman from 2026 in executive listings) and the heads of Marketing, Technology and Overseas Business President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title separate from President and CEO — Executive Vice Presidents lead the Tokyo and Osaka main offices and the building, civil and overseas divisions, as published in the April 2025 officer structure CFO: Not published as a CFO title — finance is led within the Corporate Management Planning and Finance departments by named Senior Managing Executive Officers in Obayashi's officer list; no single CFO title is published — stated plainly

Business: Building — skyscrapers, commercial and cultural buildings (its historic strength); Civil — dams, tunnels, bridges, rail and marine works; Energy — renewables development (including offshore wind participation) and energy facilities; Industrial — plant and environmental engineering; Concessions — development and PPP participation through its development business (Obayashi Properties and overseas development arms)

Customers: Japanese government ministries and agencies; railway and expressway operators; developers and corporate clients in Japan; overseas clients through subsidiaries in the United States (Webcor, Kraemer), Southeast Asia and the Middle East

Scale: Net sales c. ¥2.3 trillion, FY ended March 2025 (Obayashi consolidated results) — c. US$15 billion. ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Obayashi ranked No. 23

Signature projects & order book: Tokyo Skytree (completed 2012); Roppongi Hills Mori Tower (completed 2003); Dubai Metro (completed 2009, civil JV); Sydney Metro and United States transit works through subsidiaries (underway); Expo 2025 Osaka Yumeshima works (completed 2025, project office as published) Order book: Not published as a single dated backlog total in the English sources consulted — Japanese zenecon report orders received (a flow) rather than a Western-style backlog; the distinction is named in the README

Footprint: Japan first; North America (Webcor, Kraemer, E.W. Howell), Southeast Asia (Thai Obayashi and regional offices), the Middle East, Oceania and Europe, as published

Structure: Obayashi Corporation, listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Prime Market); Obayashi family interests remain significant, as published in its filings Headquarters: Shinagawa Intercity Tower B, 2-15-2 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8502, Japan (Obayashi headquarters, as published)

Website: obayashi.co.jp/english/ · Contact: Phone: +81-3-5769-1111 (head office main number, as published in Obayashi corporate data) Email: Not published — no general email is published; enquiries route through obayashi.co.jp contact pages Access: IR and officer pages on obayashi.co.jp; subsidiary entry points (Webcor in the United States, Thai Obayashi) publish their own contacts

Obayashi is one of Japan's 'super zenecon' — the five general contractors that build the country's skyscrapers, dams and tunnels and export the model worldwide. Founded in Osaka in 1892 and still chaired by a member of the founding family, it changed presidents in April 2025, when Toshimi Sato succeeded Kenji Hasuwa. The family-chaired super zenecon: 134 years old, still led at board level by an Obayashi, and owner of a United States building business (Webcor) most clients never connect to it Leadership verified to the 1 April 2025 structure: Sato as President and CEO is the current fact; sources still naming Hasuwa are pre-April 2025 and are not used.

Sources: Obayashi notice on change of President, 23 Dec 2024, and officer structure notice, 6 Mar 2025 (ir.obayashi.co.jp); Obayashi Corporate Report 2025 — President's Message (Toshimi Sato); ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

10. KAJIMA CORPORATION — TOKYO, JAPAN

Founded 1840 (founded in Edo, now Tokyo, by Iwakichi Kajima) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Masafumi Kiryu, President, Representative Director (appointed 26 June 2026; succeeding Hiromasa Amano, President 2021–January 2026, who died in office) Chair: Yoshikazu Oshimi, Chairman, Representative Director (chairman since 2021; served concurrently as President from 27 January to June 2026)

Leadership: Kajima's history and officer pages publish the 2026 succession in full; overseas arms (Kajima USA, Kajima Australia, Kajima Asia) publish their own presidents Directors and Senior Managing Executive Officers heading Building Construction and Civil Engineering are named in Kajima's integrated report and officer pages President/COO: Masafumi Kiryu holds the President title; Executive Vice Presidents lead the Building Construction, Civil Engineering and Business Strategy divisions, as published in Kajima's officer listings CFO: Not published as a CFO title — finance sits within the Business Strategy & Management Division led by a named Representative Director/Executive Vice President; no single CFO title is published — stated plainly

Business: Building — commercial, industrial and logistics buildings and large-scale redevelopment; Civil — dams, tunnels, bridges, rail and energy civil works; Energy — offshore wind (Akita/Noshiro, operating since 2023) and renewables development; Industrial — manufacturing and logistics facilities in Japan, North America and Asia; Concessions — real-estate development and investment (a stated growth priority, targeting overseas operations at c. 40% of group operating income by 2030 in its medium-term plan, as reported)

Customers: Japanese ministries, agencies and infrastructure operators; developers and manufacturers in Japan, the United States, Australia and Asia; energy clients for offshore wind

Scale: Net sales c. ¥3.0 trillion, FY ended March 2025 (Kajima consolidated results) — c. US$19 billion, the largest of the Japanese five by sales in that year. ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Kajima ranked No. 21

Signature projects & order book: Tokyo Garden Terrace Kioicho and TOKYO MIDTOWN HIBIYA (completed 2016/2018); Himeji Castle Main Keep preservation (completed 2015); Akita Port and Noshiro Port offshore wind farms (operating since 2023); Haneda Innovation City (completed 2023); Hokuriku Shinkansen Tsuruga extension works (completed 2024) Order book: Not published as a single dated backlog total in the English sources consulted — orders-received reporting is used instead, as with the other zenecon; see README

Footprint: Japan first; North America, Australia, Southeast Asia and Europe through development and construction subsidiaries, as published

Structure: Kajima Corporation, listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Prime Market); widely held with Japanese institutional and bank shareholdings, as published in its filings Headquarters: 3-1, Motoakasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8388, Japan (Kajima headquarters, as published)

Website: kajima.co.jp/english/ · Contact: Phone: +81-3-5544-1111 (head office main number, as published in Kajima corporate data) Email: Not published — no general email is published; enquiries route through kajima.co.jp contact pages Access: Corporate, history and IR pages on kajima.co.jp publish the officer structure and the succession record in full

Kajima, founded in 1840, is the oldest of Japan's super zenecon and the builder of Japan's first Western-style buildings, its post-war dams and skyscrapers, and — through Kajima USA and Kajima Australia — a growing overseas development business. Its recent history carries a loss this guide records with respect: President Hiromasa Amano died in office in January 2026; Chairman Yoshikazu Oshimi served as chairman and president concurrently, and Masafumi Kiryu was appointed President on 26 June 2026. Founded 1840 and still re-founding itself: the 2026 succession, handled inside the company within five months of a president's death in office, is the clearest governance story in this guide's Japanese section The January–June 2026 interim arrangement (Oshimi as chairman and president) and Kiryu's 26 June 2026 appointment are taken from Kajima's own published history/officer record — the single most time-sensitive leadership fact in this guide.

Sources: Kajima corporate history and officer pages (kajima.co.jp, including the 2026 succession entries); Kajima Integrated Report 2025 — Message from the President (Hiromasa Amano); ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

11. TAISEI CORPORATION — TOKYO, JAPAN

Founded 1873 (founded as Okura Gumi Shokai in Tokyo) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Yoshiro Aikawa, President and Chief Executive Officer, Representative Director (as published in Taisei's filings of October 2025 and its President's message) Chair: Not published as a separate Chairman in the sources consulted — Taisei is led by its President and CEO without a concurrent chairman in the current structure; the board chair role is not separately published — stated plainly

Leadership: Full officer structure is published on taisei.co.jp; overseas offices (Taipei, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, United States) are listed there Division general managers for Building Construction and Civil Engineering are named Senior Managing Executive Officers in Taisei's officer listings President/COO: Yoshiro Aikawa holds the combined President and CEO title; Representative Director/Executive Vice Presidents lead Business Strategy & Management, Building Construction and Civil Engineering, as published CFO: Not published as a CFO title — accounting and finance are led by named executive officers (the General Manager of the Accounting Department is the published contact in Taisei's filings); no single CFO title is published — stated plainly

Business: Building — landmark commercial, cultural and sports buildings; Civil — tunnels, bridges, marine and rail works, a historic strength; Energy — renewables and energy facilities including geothermal participation; Industrial — plant and logistics facilities; Concessions — development and urban redevelopment participation, secondary to contracting

Customers: Japanese ministries and infrastructure operators; airport and port authorities in Asia and the Middle East historically; developers and manufacturers

Scale: Net sales c. ¥2.0 trillion, FY ended March 2025 (Taisei consolidated results) — c. US$13 billion

Signature projects & order book: Tokyo International Forum (completed 1996); Bosphorus rail crossing — Marmaray BC1 works, Istanbul (completed 2013, JV); Hamad International Airport packages, Doha (completed 2014); New National Stadium area and Tokyo landmark towers (completed, various); Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia water and transport works (ongoing) Order book: Not published as a single dated backlog total in the English sources consulted — orders-received reporting, as with the other zenecon; see README

Footprint: Japan first; Southeast and South Asia, the Middle East, Taiwan and the United States, as published

Structure: Taisei Corporation, listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Prime Market) and Nagoya Stock Exchange; widely held, as published in its filings Headquarters: Shinjuku Center Building, 1-25-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-0606, Japan (Taisei headquarters, as published)

Website: taisei.co.jp/english/ · Contact: Phone: +81-3-3348-1111 (head office main number, as published in Taisei filings) Email: Not published — no general email is published; enquiries route through taisei.co.jp contact pages Access: Corporate and sustainability pages on taisei.co.jp, including the President's message; IR filings name the representative and contacts

Taisei, founded in 1873, is a super zenecon with a particular reputation in tunnelling, marine works and landmark buildings — its slogan is 'For a Lively World' and its stated craft is 'The Works to Create Landmarks'. It leads Japan's contractors in overseas civil engineering heritage, from Asian dams to Middle East airports. The tunnellers of the five: Taisei's civil arm carried Japanese shield-tunnelling to the Bosphorus and Doha, and its current presidency is conducting a public corporate-culture reform programme stated in its own President's message Chair and CFO fields record the actual published structure (no separate titles) rather than importing Western titles — the guide's standing rule for the Japanese entries.

Sources: Taisei filings (Notice Regarding Change in Specified Subsidiary, 29 Oct 2025, naming Yoshiro Aikawa as President and CEO); Taisei President's message (taisei.co.jp); Taisei officer listings; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

12. SAMSUNG C&T — CONSTRUCTION GROUP — SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA

Founded 1938 (Samsung C&T origins; the construction group's lineage runs through Samsung Construction, merged into Samsung C&T in the group's 2015 reorganisation) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Oh Se-chul (Se-Chul Oh), President and Chief Executive Officer of Samsung C&T — signing as President and CEO of the Construction Division in the group's published 2024 results letter Chair: Not published as a separate Chairman for the Construction Group — Samsung C&T is led by its President and CEO under a board chaired within Samsung C&T's published governance; no separate construction-arm chair is published — stated plainly

Leadership: Division heads for high-rise building, infrastructure and power plant are the published senior tier for the arm Construction Group leadership (building, civil engineering and plant divisions) is published on Samsung C&T's business pages; names beyond the President and CEO are carried there rather than as a consolidated C-suite President/COO: Not published as a separate Construction Group President/COO title in sources consulted — the group's vice presidents for building, civil and plant are named in Samsung C&T's organisation pages CFO: Not published for the Construction Group separately — Samsung C&T publishes group financial leadership in its filings, not a construction-arm CFO; stated plainly

Business: Building — supertall and high-rise construction, its signature trade; Civil — bridges, rail, ports and tunnels; Energy — power plants (including nuclear participation and renewables) through the Plant division; Industrial — semiconductor and high-tech manufacturing facilities (for Samsung affiliates and third parties); Concessions — development participation secondary to EPC contracting

Customers: Samsung affiliates (semiconductor and display fabs); governments in the Middle East and Southeast Asia for infrastructure and power; developers of supertall towers (Emaar for Burj Khalifa; PNB for Merdeka 118)

Scale: Construction Group revenue KRW 18.655 trillion with operating profit KRW 1.01 trillion, FY2024 (Samsung C&T Construction Division results, as published in its 2024 performance report). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Samsung C&T ranked No. 24

Signature projects & order book: Burj Khalifa, Dubai (completed 2010 — main contractor, JV); Merdeka 118, Kuala Lumpur (completed 2023); Petronas Tower 2, Kuala Lumpur (completed 1998); NEOM and Saudi infrastructure participation (underway, as published); Riyadh Metro packages (completed); semiconductor fab programmes in Korea and the United States (underway) Order book: Not published as a single dated backlog total for the Construction Group in the English sources consulted — the gap is named in the README

Footprint: Korea first; the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar), Southeast Asia, the United States and Australia, as published

Structure: Samsung C&T Corporation, listed in Seoul (KRX); Samsung group affiliates and the Lee family interests are the reference shareholders, as published in its filings Headquarters: Global Engineering Center, 123 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (Samsung C&T Construction Group headquarters, as published)

Website: samsungcnt.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general construction-group switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via samsungcnt.com Email: Not published — no general email is published for the Construction Group in sources consulted Access: Construction Group business pages on samsungcnt.com; project pages document the supertall portfolio

Samsung C&T is the original Samsung company (1938), and its Construction Group is the builder of the Burj Khalifa, the Petronas Towers' second tower and Malaysia's Merdeka 118 — the three tallest-building credentials in world contracting. This entry is framed, as briefed, on the construction arm: trading, fashion and resort businesses of Samsung C&T sit outside it and their figures are not used here. Three of the world's four tallest completed towers carry its name — no other contractor can claim the Burj Khalifa, Merdeka 118 and a Petronas tower in one portfolio Framing note: group-level Samsung C&T revenue (trading, fashion, resorts included) is deliberately not used as the scale figure; the construction division's own published result is carried instead.

Sources: Samsung C&T Construction Division 2024 results letter (President and CEO Se-Chul Oh); Samsung C&T corporate pages; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

13. HYUNDAI ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION (HYUNDAI E&C) — SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA

Founded 1947 (founded as Hyundai Civil Works; Hyundai Construction from 1950 in the group's own dating) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Lee Han-woo, Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer (appointed in the Hyundai Motor Group reshuffle of late 2024, in office from 2025; the first Hyundai E&C CEO born in the 1970s, as reported) Chair: Lee Han-woo also serves as Chairman in executive listings consulted (GlobalData executive listing, 2025) — the board chair arrangement is as published there; no separate non-executive chairman is named in sources consulted

Leadership: Hyundai E&C publishes its board and executives in its filings and on hdec.kr; the 2024–25 reshuffle replaced both the E&C and Hyundai Engineering CEOs, as reported Directors and division heads as published include the Head of Safety and Quality Division (Shin Jae-jum, from March 2026) and the housing and strategic-planning leadership from which the CEO came President/COO: Not published as a separate President/COO title — business heads for Housing, Building, Civil, Plant and New Energy lead operations under the CEO CFO: Lee Hyung-seok (Lee Hyeong-seok), Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since 2025; previously CFO of Hyundai Capital Services), as published in executive listings

Business: Building — housing (Hillstate brand), commercial and high-rise buildings; Civil — bridges, tunnels, rail, ports and expressways; Energy — power plants including nuclear (UAE Barakah heritage) and the CEO's stated eco-friendly new-energy expansion; Industrial — petrochemical and industrial plants, substantially through affiliate Hyundai Engineering; Concessions — development participation secondary to contracting

Customers: Korean government and public corporations; Hyundai Motor Group affiliates (factories, including EV plants); Middle East energy clients (Saudi gas and refinery programmes, partly through Hyundai Engineering); housing buyers under the Hillstate brand

Scale: Consolidated revenue c. KRW 34.7 trillion, FY2024, with a consolidated operating loss of KRW 1.2209 trillion for 2024 — its first deficit in 23 years (Hyundai E&C preliminary results, January 2025, as reported). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Hyundai E&C ranked No. 13

Signature projects & order book: Barakah Nuclear Power Plant civil works, UAE (completed); Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway, Kuwait (completed 2019); Jafurah gas plant packages, Saudi Arabia (underway, with Hyundai Engineering); Balikpapan refinery upgrading, Indonesia (underway, Hyundai Engineering — a source of the 2024 loss provisions, as reported); Seoul–Sejong Expressway sections (underway — see Notes) Order book: Not published as a single dated backlog total in the English sources consulted — new-order figures are published in Korean filings; the gap is named in the README

Footprint: Korea first; the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq), Southeast Asia, Latin America and the United States, as published

Structure: Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., listed in Seoul (KRX); Hyundai Motor Group affiliates (Hyundai Motor Company, Kia and others) are the reference shareholders, as published Headquarters: 75 Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03058, South Korea (Hyundai E&C headquarters — Hyundai Group Building, as published)

Website: hdec.kr · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via hdec.kr Email: Not published — no general email is published in sources consulted Access: Corporate and IR pages on hdec.kr; Hyundai Engineering (the unlisted affiliate) is reached separately and is not conflated with E&C in this entry

Hyundai E&C is the founding company of the Hyundai conglomerate — the builder of Korea's expressways, its Middle East construction boom of the 1970s (Jubail), and a global EPC house in building, civil, plant and nuclear work. It entered 2025 under new leadership (Lee Han-woo) and took a large overseas-loss charge for 2024 — a 'big bath' on accession widely analysed in Korean reporting and recorded here as reported, not as established fact beyond the published loss itself. The founding firm of a national champion group, now explicitly pivoting to energy: its CEO succession, its 2024 loss recognition and its green-bond funding programme all point the same way Safety record stated honestly: Korean reporting in 2025 covered fatal accidents on affiliate and group sites (including the February 2025 Seoul–Sejong Expressway bridge collapse on a Hyundai Engineering section, four deaths, as reported) — the entry records that the matter was reported and apologised for by the company, without allocating liability beyond the reporting. The 2024 loss is carried from the company's own preliminary results.

Sources: Hyundai E&C preliminary results coverage, Jan 2025 (Yonhap Infomax); Hyundai E&C executive listings (GlobalData, 2025–26); KoreaWho profile of Lee Han-woo, Jan 2025; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

14. CIMIC GROUP — NORTH SYDNEY (SYDNEY), AUSTRALIA

Founded 1949 (origins as Thiess Bros in Queensland; the group descends from Leighton Holdings, founded 1949) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Pedro Vicente, Group Chief Executive Officer (appointed 2022, succeeding Juan Santamaría in the CEO role when Santamaría became Executive Chairman and ACS Group CEO) Chair: Juan Santamaría, Executive Chairman of CIMIC Group (since 6 November 2020) — concurrently Chief Executive Officer of ACS Group and Hochtief

Leadership: Operating-company managing directors (CPB Contractors, Thiess, Sedgman, UGL, Leighton Asia) are the published senior tier under the group executive chairman and CEO Board as published (2026) includes independent and ACS/Hochtief-nominated directors named in full on cimic.com.au's board page President/COO: Roberto Gallardo, President and Executive Director (appointed January 2026; also Chief Strategy Officer of the Hochtief Group), as published on CIMIC's board page CFO: Not published as a CIMIC Group CFO name in the sources consulted for this edition — board membership from December 2025 includes Christa Andresky, Chief Financial Officer of Hochtief and Turner, and Emilio Grande, a former CIMIC CFO, as non-executive directors; the executive CFO gap is named in the README

Business: Building — through CPB Contractors and Broad Construction heritage; Civil — rail, roads, tunnels and water through CPB Contractors, Australia's largest builder; Energy — energy transition, transmission and renewables services through UGL and Sedgman; Industrial — mining services (Thiess) and minerals processing (Sedgman), the group's resources engine; Concessions — Pacific Partnerships develops PPPs and build-own-operate projects

Customers: Australian federal and state governments (transport, defence, health, education — including the Western Australian Government's East Perth Primary School selection of CPB, September 2026, as published); mining majors worldwide through Thiess; energy utilities through UGL

Scale: Not published as a standalone listed figure since the 2022 delisting — CIMIC reports within Hochtief's consolidated accounts (Hochtief annual report); Thiess alone reported revenue of A$5.9 billion in 2023 (CIMIC, as published). The absence of a current standalone CIMIC revenue is a named gap

Signature projects & order book: Sydney Metro City & Southwest and West packages (underway/opening stages); WestConnex M4-M5 Link, Sydney (completed 2023); Melbourne Metro Tunnel packages (underway); Ok Tedi and global mining operations through Thiess (ongoing; Okvau Gold Mine extension to 2030 secured September 2026, A$170 million, as published); North East Link packages, Melbourne (underway) Order book: Not published as a standalone figure since delisting — work in hand is reported within Hochtief/ACS reporting; stated plainly rather than estimated

Footprint: Australia and New Zealand first; Asia through Leighton Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore, India, Philippines); mining services in the Americas, Africa and Mongolia through Thiess, as published

Structure: Wholly owned within the ACS/Hochtief group since the 2022 takeover and delisting from the ASX; ACS Group is the ultimate parent, as published Headquarters: 177 Pacific Highway, North Sydney NSW 2060, Australia (CIMIC headquarters, as published)

Website: cimic.com.au · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via cimic.com.au Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Operating-company pages (CPB Contractors, Thiess, UGL, Sedgman) via cimic.com.au; group board and leaders pages name the full board

CIMIC — the former Leighton Holdings — is Australia's largest contractor group: CPB Contractors (construction), Thiess (mining services, 60%-owned since 2024), Sedgman (minerals processing), UGL (services), Pacific Partnerships (development) and Leighton Asia. It was taken private by Hochtief/ACS in 2022 and delisted — which is why this framed entry carries no listed-company figures after that date, and says so. A national champion absorbed into a global group: CIMIC still builds more of Australia than anyone, but its numbers now surface only inside a German parent's accounts — the clearest case in this guide of scale without separate disclosure Context entry within the ACS structure (see the ACS Group entry): CIMIC is not independent, and this entry exists because its Australian scale and its operating brands merit direct coverage with the ownership stated in the first line of the ownership field.

Sources: CIMIC board and leaders pages (cimic.com.au, 2026, including January 2026 and December 2025 appointments); CIMIC Thiess stake release (60% consolidation); CIMIC/ACS news releases, Sep 2026 (grupoacs.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

15. LAING O'ROURKE — DARTFORD, KENT, UNITED KINGDOM

Founded 1978 (founded by Ray O'Rourke; the group combines the O'Rourke business with Laing Construction, acquired in 2001) · Diversified contractor

Leader: Cathal O'Rourke, Group Chief Executive Officer (since July 2024; previously led Laing O'Rourke Australia for 13 years) Chair: Ray O'Rourke, Group Chair (since 1 April 2025; founder; previously CEO to 2024, then Deputy Chair; succeeded Sir John Parker, chair for eight years to 31 March 2025)

Leadership: Hub and function leaders are named in Laing O'Rourke news releases; the board includes the founder as Chair and the Group CEO Executive committee membership is published in part through project and hub leadership; a full named C-suite roster is not published by the private group — stated plainly President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — hub managing directors (Europe, Middle East, Australia) lead delivery under the Group CEO CFO: Not published as a current CFO name in the sources consulted — Rowan Baker, CFO from 2020, left in November 2024 for Essentra plc (as reported); a successor name was not verified from an official source for this edition — the gap is named in the README

Business: Building — hospitals, stadiums, commercial and science buildings (Everton Stadium; the National Biosecurity Campus science buildings at Weybridge, as published 2025); Civil — rail, highways, water and nuclear infrastructure (Hinkley Point C works); Energy — nuclear and energy infrastructure within its Europe hub; Industrial — manufacturing-led construction (DfMA) and its own off-site factories; Concessions — not a concessions operator; Laing O'Rourke contracts and develops selectively

Customers: United Kingdom Government departments and agencies (Defra, NHS trusts, Network Rail categories); EDF Energy (Hinkley Point C); Everton Football Club (stadium, handed over December 2024); Australian and Middle East infrastructure clients through its hubs

Scale: Revenue c. £3.8 billion, FY2023–24 (year ended 31 March 2024, statutory reporting as covered in trade reporting, returning to a £40 million pre-tax profit that year)

Signature projects & order book: Everton Stadium at Bramley-Moore Dock, Liverpool (completed and handed over December 2024); Hinkley Point C main civil works (underway, JV); Heathrow Terminal 5 (completed 2008, heritage); The Leadenhall Building — the 'Cheesegrater', London (completed 2014); National Biosecurity Campus, Weybridge (selected as main works contractor, 2025) Order book: £9.9 billion order book, as reported in 2025 trade coverage of Laing O'Rourke's results — carried with that date and source

Footprint: United Kingdom and Ireland (Europe hub), Australia and the Middle East, as published

Structure: Privately owned by the O'Rourke family interests; no external listing and no published consolidated accounts beyond United Kingdom statutory filings — stated plainly Headquarters: Bridge Place 1, Anchor Boulevard, Crossways Business Park, Dartford, Kent DA2 6SN, United Kingdom (Laing O'Rourke Europe hub headquarters, as published)

Website: laingorourke.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via laingorourke.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Hub, project and innovation pages on laingorourke.com; the Explore Manufacturing Centre story is told there in full

Laing O'Rourke is the United Kingdom's largest privately owned contractor, built by Ray O'Rourke from 1978 and transformed by the 2001 purchase of Laing Construction. It is the champion of off-site manufacture (its Design for Manufacture and Assembly model, with factories in Nottinghamshire) — and, from 2024–25, of a family succession: Cathal O'Rourke became Group CEO in July 2024 and Ray O'Rourke became Group Chair on 1 April 2025. The manufacturer-contractor: it builds buildings twice — once in a factory it owns — and it has just completed the rarest thing in British construction, an orderly founder-to-son succession Private-company disclosure limits apply to the CFO, C-suite and accounts fields and are named in-cell, following the guide's rule for Bechtel and Kiewit.

Sources: Laing O'Rourke chair succession releases, 12 Feb 2025 (construction trade coverage of the company announcement); Construction News contractor coverage, 2024–25; Laing O'Rourke results coverage (order book £9.9 billion), 2025; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

INFRASTRUCTURE SPECIALISTS

16. BALFOUR BEATTY — LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM

Founded 1909 (founded in London by Andrew Beatty and Arthur Balfour) · Infrastructure specialist

Leader: Philip Hoare, Group Chief Executive (since 8 September 2025; previously Chief Operating Officer of AtkinsRéalis, and before that CEO of Atkins UK & Europe and President of its global Engineering Services business) Chair: Charles Allen, Lord Allen of Kensington CBE, Group Chair, as published

Leadership: Full board and executive committee rosters are published on balfourbeatty.com and in the annual report Executive Committee as published includes the divisional chief executives for the United Kingdom, the United States and Support Services and the heads of Investments, HR, legal and sustainability, named in the annual report President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — the three earnings-based divisions (UK Construction Services, US Construction Services, Support Services) and Balfour Beatty Investments are led by named divisional chief executives published in the annual report CFO: Phil Harrison, Group Finance Director (Chief Financial Officer), as published in Balfour Beatty's board and leadership listings

Business: Building — United States buildings (a top-tier national builder) and United Kingdom building within Construction Services; Civil — its core: highways, rail, flood defence, tunnels and complex infrastructure in the United Kingdom and United States; Energy — United Kingdom energy transmission, nuclear decommissioning support and offshore wind cabling (a stated growth market); Industrial — within infrastructure and support services; Concessions — Balfour Beatty Investments develops and holds PPP/infrastructure investments (a £1.2 billion portfolio at H1 2025, as published)

Customers: United Kingdom Government and agencies (National Highways, Network Rail, HS2 Ltd, defence and energy clients); United States federal, state and private building clients; local authorities through Support Services

Scale: Group revenue £10.0 billion, FY2024 (Balfour Beatty annual report), with H1 2025 revenue of £5.1 billion as reported; average net cash above £1.1 billion at H1 2025

Signature projects & order book: HS2 Area North and Old Oak Common station works (underway, JV); Hinkley Point C tunnelling and marine works (underway/completed packages); Thames Tideway East (completed); United States courthouse, healthcare and education programmes (ongoing); Hong Kong projects through Gammon (ongoing) Order book: £19.5 billion — a record — at H1 2025 (30 June 2025), with a further c. £20 billion pipeline identified in United Kingdom energy, defence and transport and United States buildings (Balfour Beatty H1 2025 reporting, as published)

Footprint: United Kingdom, United States and Hong Kong (Gammon, 50% joint venture), as published

Structure: Balfour Beatty plc, listed on the London Stock Exchange (FTSE 250); widely held, as published Headquarters: 5 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London E14 5HU, United Kingdom (Balfour Beatty headquarters, as published)

Website: balfourbeatty.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via balfourbeatty.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Division, project and investor pages on balfourbeatty.com; Gammon is reached at gammonconstruction.com

Balfour Beatty, founded in 1909 to build tramways, became the United Kingdom's largest infrastructure contractor and a major United States builder (through Balfour Beatty US and its Gammon joint venture in Hong Kong). After a loss-making decade start, Leo Quinn's ten-year turnaround (2015–2025) restored cash and a record order book; Philip Hoare succeeded him as Group Chief Executive on 8 September 2025. The turnaround that held: a contractor that returned £755 million to shareholders in 2021–24 while keeping net cash — and the only firm in this guide whose new chief executive arrived from running a competitor's global engineering business The September 2025 succession is the controlling leadership fact; sources naming Leo Quinn as CEO are pre-September 2025 and are not used.

Sources: Balfour Beatty Group Chief Executive succession releases, 5 Mar 2025 and 8 Sep 2025 (balfourbeatty.com); Balfour Beatty H1 2025 results coverage; ENR contractor reporting; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

17. WEBUILD — ROZZANO (MILAN) AND ROME, ITALY

Founded 2014 (Webuild in its present form, as Salini Impregilo; Impregilo origins 1959, Salini origins 1936) · Infrastructure specialist

Leader: Pietro Salini, Chief Executive Officer (since 2012, through the Salini Impregilo formation and the Webuild renaming) Chair: Gian Luca Gregori, Chairman (appointed for the 2024–2026 board term at the April 2024 shareholders' meeting)

Leadership: Board of 15 directors appointed for 2024–2026 is published in full in Webuild's April 2024 meeting release General managers for global operations and domestic (Italy) operations and the heads of Lane Construction (United States) and Clough (Australia) form the published senior tier President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — Claudio Lautizi serves as General Manager, Global Operations, as published in executive listings CFO: Not published as a CFO name in the sources consulted for this edition — Webuild publishes its financial leadership in its annual financial report; the gap is named in the README

Business: Building — hospitals, airports and public buildings within its 'green buildings' line; Civil — its core: sustainable mobility (rail, metro, roads), hydropower and water infrastructure, tunnelling; Energy — hydroelectric plants and water-energy works; Industrial — waste-to-energy and environmental plants through Fisia Italimpianti; Concessions — selective PPP participation (including United States work through Lane) secondary to contracting

Customers: Italian state rail and road agencies (RFI/FS Group programmes — over €20 billion of Sicily rail investment context, as published); governments in Saudi Arabia (NEOM works), Australia, the United States and Africa for dams, metros and rail; utilities for water and hydro

Scale: Revenue €11,790.5 million, FY2024 (Webuild annual financial report, as tabulated); c. 92,000 people (2024). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Webuild (as 'webuild SpA') ranked No. 12; ENR also ranks Webuild first in its water-sector listings, as the group publishes

Signature projects & order book: Strait of Messina Bridge — Eurolink consortium leadership (approved and advancing, as published 2025); Sicily high-capacity railway, Bicocca–Catenanuova section (inaugurated October 2025); Grand Paris Express and Lyon–Turin packages (underway); NEOM Trojena and Connector works, Saudi Arabia (underway); Panama Canal third set of locks (completed 2016, consortium); Snowy 2.0 pumped hydro, Australia (underway, through Clough/Future Generation JV) Order book: Construction backlog at record levels above €50 billion in Webuild's 2025 reporting (new orders and backlog as published in its results releases) — carried with that date in the README method note

Footprint: More than 50 countries across five continents, as published; Italy, Saudi Arabia, Australia and the United States are the largest current markets

Structure: Webuild S.p.A., listed in Milan (Borsa Italiana); Salini S.p.A. (the Salini family holding) is the majority reference shareholder, with CDP Equity among significant holders historically, as published Headquarters: Registered office in Rome with operating headquarters at Rozzano, Milan (Centro Direzionale Milanofiori area), Italy — as published in Webuild's corporate data (dual Rome/Rozzano footprint stated in its listings)

Website: webuildgroup.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via webuildgroup.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Project, investor and media pages on webuildgroup.com; Lane (United States) and Clough (Australia) publish their own entry points

Webuild is Italy's infrastructure champion, assembled by the Salini family from Salini Costruttori and Impregilo (2014), renamed Webuild in 2020, and expanded by acquiring Astaldi's core business, Lane Construction (United States) and Clough (Australia, in 2023 — from the Murray & Roberts administration, a transaction noted in this guide's gaps). It specialises in the world's hardest civil works: dams, metros, high-speed rail and tunnels. The dam-and-tunnel specialist at group scale: Webuild's order book is a map of the world's remaining mega-civil projects, from Messina to NEOM to Snowy 2.0 Clough's route into Webuild (acquired from administrators in February 2023 after the collapse of its Murray & Roberts parent) is stated here because it explains both Webuild's Australian scale and the absence of a going-concern Murray & Roberts entry in this guide — see Named Gaps.

Sources: Webuild shareholders' meeting release, 24 Apr 2024 (board appointments: Gregori chairman, Salini CEO); Webuild Sicily railway declaration, 29 Oct 2025 (webuildgroup.com); Webuild FY2024 figures as tabulated from its annual report; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

18. FERROVIAL CONSTRUCTION (WITHIN FERROVIAL) — AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS

Founded 1952 (Ferrovial founded in Madrid by Rafael del Pino) · Infrastructure specialist

Leader: Ignacio Madridejos, Chief Executive Officer of Ferrovial (CEO of Ferrovial SA since 2019; of Ferrovial SE/NV since the 2023 redomicile) Chair: Rafael del Pino Calvo-Sotelo, Chairman of the Board (Executive Chairman; re-elected at the 2025 shareholders' meeting; son of the founder)

Leadership: Ferrovial Construction's own leadership (including Webber in the United States and Budimex, listed in Warsaw, in Poland) is published on division pages Executive Committee as published includes the CEOs of Construction, Highways (Cintra), Airports and Energy Infrastructure and the General Counsel and HR leadership, named on ferrovial.com President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — the Construction, Highways, Airports and Energy division CEOs lead operations under the Group CEO, as published CFO: Ernesto López Mozo, Chief Financial Officer, as published in Ferrovial's executive listings

Business: Building — non-residential building within Construction; Civil — Ferrovial Construction's core: highways, rail, water and tunnels, with Webber (United States heavy civil) and Budimex (Poland); Energy — Ferrovial Energy Infrastructure (transmission and renewables construction) as a growing division; Industrial — within Construction's industrial works; Concessions — Highways (Cintra: 407 ETR Toronto, Texas and Virginia express lanes) and Airports (including the New Terminal One at JFK, New York) — the group's value core, stated as group context

Customers: United States and Canadian transport authorities and concession grantors (Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Ontario); the New York Port Authority ecosystem for JFK New Terminal One; Polish authorities through Budimex; Spanish and international clients for Construction

Scale: Group revenue €9.1 billion, FY2024 (Ferrovial annual results); H1 2026 group revenue €4.7 billion (+11.3% like-for-like) with a record Construction order book (Ferrovial H1 2026 release, 28 July 2026). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Ferrovial ranked No. 10

Signature projects & order book: New Terminal One, JFK International Airport, New York (underway — Ferrovial Airports leads the consortium); North Tarrant Express and LBJ Express, Texas (operational concessions, built by Webber/Ferrovial Construction); 407 ETR, Toronto (operational concession); I-66 Express, Virginia (operational); Budimex rail and road programmes, Poland (ongoing) Order book: Construction division order book at a record level in H1 2026 reporting (Ferrovial, 28 July 2026) — the division record is stated as the company stated it; the absolute figure is in Ferrovial's H1 2026 report

Footprint: More than 15 countries, as published; North America provides the largest revenue share, with Spain, Poland and the United Kingdom the other core markets

Structure: Ferrovial SE, listed in Amsterdam, Madrid and on Nasdaq; the Del Pino family interests (through Rijn Capital and Menosmares vehicles, as published) are the reference shareholders Headquarters: Basisweg 10, 1043 AP Amsterdam, Netherlands (Ferrovial SE registered headquarters, as published); Construction leadership also works from Madrid and Austin, Texas

Website: ferrovial.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via ferrovial.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Division and investor pages on ferrovial.com; Budimex (budimex.pl) and Webber (wwebber.com) publish their own contacts

Ferrovial, founded in 1952 by Rafael del Pino, built Spanish railways and toll roads before reinventing itself as a North-America-first infrastructure group: redomiciled to Amsterdam in 2023, listed on Nasdaq from 2024 and added to the Nasdaq-100 in December 2025. This entry is framed on the group with its Construction division identified — Ferrovial Construction (with Webber in Texas and Budimex in Poland) builds the group's and third parties' highways, and reported a record construction order book in H1 2026. A builder that became an owner: Ferrovial's concessions (a Toronto toll road, Texas express lanes, a JFK terminal) are worth more than its contracting — and its builder still has to win its order book in the open market Framing note: Ferrovial reports Construction as a division of a concessions-led group; this entry keeps the two apart in every field, as the brief requires for framed entries.

Sources: Ferrovial board pages and H1 2026 results release filed with the SEC, 28 Jul 2026 (ferrovial.com / sec.gov); Ferrovial 2025 shareholders' meeting release; Nasdaq-100 inclusion release, Dec 2025; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

19. ACCIONA CONSTRUCTION (WITHIN ACCIONA) — MADRID, SPAIN

Founded 1997 (Acciona in its present form from the Entrecanales group consolidation; construction lineage to Entrecanales y Távora, 1931) · Infrastructure specialist

Leader: José Manuel Entrecanales Domecq, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Executive Chairman) of Acciona, as published Chair: José Manuel Entrecanales Domecq (combined Executive Chairman and CEO role); Juan Ignacio Entrecanales Franco serves as Executive Vice-Chairman, as published in board reporting

Leadership: Infrastructure division leadership (Construction, Water, Concessions) is the published senior tier for this entry's subject Group executive leadership as published includes the heads of Infrastructure, Acciona Energía, Nordex liaison and corporate functions, named on acciona.com President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — the Infrastructure division is led by its own CEO/leadership under the Group Chairman and CEO, named on acciona.com CFO: Not published as a group CFO name in the sources consulted for this edition — Acciona publishes its corporate and economic-financial leadership in its annual corporate governance report; the gap is named in the README

Business: Building — social infrastructure (hospitals, universities) within Construction; Civil — Construction's core: transport, tunnels and urban infrastructure; Energy — construction for renewables and transmission (including Australia's Central-West Orana REZ transmission network) alongside Acciona Energía at group level; Industrial — within Construction and Water's industrial water work; Concessions — a major and growing line: SR-400 Atlanta, transmission and water concessions, inside an Infrastructure backlog the chairman put above €120 billion in 2025 (group statement, as published)

Customers: Transport authorities in Brazil, Australia, the United States and Spain; water utilities and industrial clients for desalination (Alkimos in Perth, Casablanca, Collahuasi in Chile, Ras Laffan 2 in Qatar, as published); energy clients for transmission

Scale: Infrastructure division turnover €8.69 billion, FY2025 (+6.7%), of which Construction €6.95 billion (+4.0%), Water €1.39 billion and Concessions €175 million (Acciona FY2025 results, February 2026). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Acciona ranked No. 16

Signature projects & order book: São Paulo Metro Line 6, Brazil (underway, entering service phase as published); SR-400 Express Lanes, Atlanta, United States (financial close achieved, as published); Western Harbour Tunnel, Sydney (underway); Central-West Orana transmission network, New South Wales (financial close/underway); Casablanca desalination plant, Morocco (underway) Order book: Infrastructure backlog above €120 billion (Acciona chairman's statement on FY2025 results, 2026 — a group Infrastructure figure including long-dated concessions and water, stated exactly as the company states it, and not comparable with pure construction backlogs elsewhere in this guide)

Footprint: Australia and Southeast Asia (38% of Infrastructure revenue in 2025), Spain (20%), Latin America (18%), Europe/Middle East/Africa (16%) and North America (8%) — the division's own published split

Structure: Acciona SA, listed in Madrid (IBEX 35); Entrecanales family vehicles hold a majority of voting rights (c. 55.7% in 2025 reporting of the family's control, as analysed from CNMV filings) Headquarters: Avenida de la Gran Vía de Hortaleza 1, 28033 Madrid, Spain (Acciona headquarters, as published)

Website: acciona.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via acciona.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Infrastructure business pages on acciona.com; project pages document concessions and water plants individually

Acciona is the Entrecanales family's infrastructure and energy group: a top-tier water and concessions house whose Infrastructure division — Construction, Water, Concessions and Urban Services — turned over €8.69 billion in 2025. Construction itself (€6.95 billion) builds São Paulo's Metro Line 6, Sydney's Western Harbour Tunnel and Atlanta's SR-400 express lanes, while the group's Nordex wind business and Acciona Energía sit outside this entry's construction frame. The water-and-concessions constructor: Acciona's construction arm is inseparable from the world's largest desalination portfolio and a concessions backlog that dwarfs its building book The €120 billion backlog figure is flagged in-row as non-comparable: it capitalises decades of concession and water revenue, unlike the construction order books quoted for peers. The distinction is the company's own reporting basis, stated rather than smoothed over.

Sources: Acciona FY2025 results releases, Feb 2026 (acciona.com); Acciona chairman's address on FY2025 (acciona.com news); ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

20. ANDRADE GUTIERREZ ENGENHARIA — BELO HORIZONTE / SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Founded 1948 (founded in Belo Horizonte, Brazil) · Infrastructure specialist

Leader: Not verified from an official source for this edition — Andrade Gutierrez does not publish an English-language leadership page in the sources consulted, and no CEO name is carried rather than one guessed; the gap is named in the README as this guide's single unverified chief-executive field Chair: Not verified from an official source for this edition — see the CEO field; Brazilian corporate filings name the group's board, which was not accessible in full in sources consulted

Leadership: Not published as a verifiable roster in sources consulted — stated plainly; this is the thinnest leadership disclosure in the guide and is flagged as such Not published in sources consulted — the group's English-language disclosure is limited to project and institutional pages President/COO: Not published in sources consulted CFO: Not published in sources consulted

Business: Building — institutional and industrial buildings, secondary to heavy works; Civil — highways, metros, sanitation and urban infrastructure, its historic core; Energy — hydroelectric, transmission and renewables construction (a stated current focus); Industrial — mining, steel, oil and gas facilities construction; Concessions — heritage concessions through the wider group (CCR was co-founded by Andrade Gutierrez with Camargo Corrêa and Soares da Penha interests) — stated as history, not current control

Customers: Brazilian federal and state governments and utilities; mining and energy companies in Brazil; governments in Latin America and Angola/Mozambique historically, as published in project records

Scale: Not published — Andrade Gutierrez publishes no revenue figure in the sources consulted for this edition; ENR has historically ranked the group among its Top 250 International Contractors (ENR), but no current ENR 2026 ranking or revenue is carried here rather than an estimate

Signature projects & order book: Santo Antônio hydroelectric plant, Madeira River (completed 2016, consortium); Belo Monte transmission and civil participations (completed, consortium heritage); São Paulo and Rio metro and highway programmes (completed/underway historically); Luanda and Angola infrastructure works (completed, historical portfolio as published) Order book: Not published in sources consulted

Footprint: Brazil first; project history across Latin America (Peru, Venezuela historically), Angola and Mozambique, as published in the group's project records — current active footprint is published project by project, not as a country count

Structure: Andrade Gutierrez group, privately held by the Andrade Gutierrez founding-family interests (Andrade Gutierrez Participações), as published in Brazilian corporate reporting — no listing and no published consolidated accounts in English sources consulted Headquarters: Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with São Paulo offices (full street address not published in the sources consulted — stated plainly)

Website: andradegutierrez.com.br · Contact: Phone: Not published in sources consulted Email: Not published in sources consulted Access: Institutional and project pages at andradegutierrez.com.br (Portuguese); no English contact route is published in sources consulted

Andrade Gutierrez, founded in Belo Horizonte in 1948, is one of Brazil's historic 'empreiteiras' — the heavy constructors that built the country's dams, highways and metros — with a second life across Latin America and Portuguese-speaking Africa. Like its Brazilian peers it was reshaped by the Lava Jato era settlements of the 2010s and now works a smaller, compliance-forward book concentrated in energy, mining, sanitation and industrial projects. The survivor empreiteira: still family-held, still heavy-civil at heart, and the guide's worked example of how little a major regional contractor may publish — every gap in this entry is the finding This entry is retained deliberately at the depth the sources allow: it is the guide's transparency benchmark. Any future edition with access to Brazilian filings (Junta Comercial/CVM-adjacent records) should upgrade the leadership fields first — flagged in the README.

Sources: Andrade Gutierrez institutional pages (andradegutierrez.com.br); Brazilian corporate and Lava Jato-era reporting on the group's settlement and restructuring; ENR historical Top 250 listings; LIKE survey, Oct 2026 — with the gaps stated in-row

21. ORASCOM CONSTRUCTION — CAIRO (OPERATIONS); ABU DHABI (LISTING DOMICILE), EGYPT / UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Founded 1950 (origins in Egypt; Orascom Construction Industries heritage, with the construction business listed in its present form in 2015) · Infrastructure specialist

Leader: Osama Bishai, Chief Executive Officer (in office since 2016, as published in Orascom's leadership and results materials) Chair: Not published as a separate Chairman name in the sources consulted for this edition — Orascom's board composition is published in its annual report; the chair field is carried as not verified rather than guessed, and is named in the README

Leadership: The published senior tier is the CEO, the board and the operating-company heads named in results presentations Executive leadership beyond the CEO is published in Orascom's annual report rather than as a web roster; subsidiary CEOs (The Weitz Company in the United States) are published on subsidiary sites President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — regional and business heads (Egypt, Gulf, United States through Weitz and Contrack) lead operations under the CEO CFO: Not published as a CFO name in the sources consulted for this edition — group financial leadership is named in Orascom's annual report; the gap is named in the README

Business: Building — museums, hospitals, commercial and data-centre building (including United States work through Weitz); Civil — metros, roads, water and wastewater infrastructure, a MENA core strength; Energy — power plants on an EPC plus finance model (Egypt's Burullus, West Damietta and New Capital combined-cycle plants among the world's largest); Industrial — fertiliser, cement and industrial plants heritage (OCI lineage) and current industrial construction; Concessions — Orascom develops and co-invests in infrastructure concessions and renewables (including Egyptian wind) alongside contracting

Customers: Government of Egypt and its authorities (power, transport, water); Gulf governments; the United States Government and private clients through Contrack Watts and Weitz; industrial and energy clients across MENA

Scale: Consolidated revenue c. US$3.4 billion, FY2024 (Orascom Construction annual results) with a consolidated backlog in the US$7–8 billion range in its 2025 reporting — carried as reported with its dates. ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Orascom Construction ranked No. 29

Signature projects & order book: Grand Egyptian Museum, Giza (completed/opened 2025 — main contractor in JV with Besix); Burullus, West Damietta and New Capital combined-cycle power plants, Egypt (completed 2018 — among the world's largest gas plants, with Siemens); Cairo Metro Line 3 phases (completed/underway); Egypt high-speed rail civil participation (underway); United States federal and data-centre work through Contrack/Weitz (ongoing) Order book: Consolidated backlog in the US$7–8 billion range in 2025 reporting (Orascom Construction results releases) — carried as reported; the audited figure is in the annual report

Footprint: Egypt first; the Gulf (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar), North Africa, Iraq and the United States, as published

Structure: Orascom Construction PLC, listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX: ORAS); the Sawiris family interests are the reference shareholders, as published Headquarters: Nile City Towers, South Tower, Corniche El Nil, Cairo, Egypt (Orascom Construction operating headquarters, as published); PLC registered in the Abu Dhabi Global Market

Website: orascom.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via orascom.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted; investor relations contacts are published in its releases Access: Business, project and investor pages on orascom.com; Weitz (weitz.com) and Contrack publish United States entry points

Orascom Construction descends from Onsi Sawiris's Egyptian contracting business of 1950 and grew — through Orascom Construction Industries and the Contrack and Weitz acquisitions in the United States — into the Middle East and North Africa's defining contractor: power plants, metros, museums and the Grand Egyptian Museum itself. It is listed in Abu Dhabi (ADX, after its 2023 redomicile from DIFC/Nasdaq Dubai arrangements) with primary operations run from Cairo. The MENA champion with an American arm: no other contractor in this guide builds both the Grand Egyptian Museum and United States federal facilities as a matter of routine Orascom replaces Murray & Roberts in this roster — deliberately: Murray & Roberts Holdings entered business rescue, its mining businesses were sold under a creditor-approved plan in April 2025, its CEO retired on 31 May 2025 and the board recommended voluntary winding-up, as reported — a going-concern entry could not honestly be written for October 2026. See Named Gaps.

Sources: Orascom Construction annual results and leadership materials (orascom.com); ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (Orascom No. 29); Moneyweb and Engineering News reporting on Murray & Roberts business rescue and winding-up recommendation, 2025; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

BUILDING SPECIALISTS

22. TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY — NEW YORK, UNITED STATES

Founded 1902 (founded in New York by Henry C. Turner) · Building specialist

Leader: Peter Davoren, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Turner Construction Company, as published in Turner and Hochtief releases Chair: Peter Davoren (combined Chairman, President and CEO, as published)

Leadership: Turner publishes its officers and market-segment leaders on its website; SourceBlue (its supply-chain business) and Dornan (Ireland, acquired 2024–25) have their own published leadership Executive leadership as published includes the Chief Human Resources Officer (Roe Demonte, EVP) and regional and segment EVPs named on turnerconstruction.com President/COO: Peter Davoren holds the President title within his combined role; Executive Vice Presidents lead regions and market segments (including Mike Kuntz, EVP, named in Turner's Dornan acquisition release) CFO: Not published as a Turner CFO name in the sources consulted — Hochtief/Turner financial leadership from December 2025 includes Christa Andresky as CFO of Hochtief and Turner Construction Company in her CIMIC board biography (cimic.com.au); the Turner-specific CFO title is carried from that published source

Business: Building — its entire business: healthcare, data centres, education, sports and entertainment, commercial, aviation and life sciences, delivered as construction management and general contracting; Civil — limited to building-adjacent and aviation work; Turner is not a heavy-civil contractor; Energy — data-centre and mission-critical energy infrastructure within building programmes; Industrial — manufacturing and advanced-technology facilities within building segments; Concessions — not a concessions operator; Turner builds for owners and developers

Customers: Technology clients for data centres and AI facilities (including a Meta AI data centre in Louisiana, as published); healthcare systems (Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, underway); sports franchises (Buffalo Bills and Tennessee Titans stadiums, underway); airports (Washington Dulles, San Diego); developers (One Beverly Hills, underway)

Scale: Revenue US$20.24 billion, FY2024, with US$26.14 billion of new contracts in 2024 (Turner, as published); H1 2025 revenue US$13.4 billion (+44% year on year) with a workforce above 14,000 (Turner H1 2025 release). ENR (ENR): No. 1 on the Top 400 Contractors list for a sixth consecutive year in 2026 (Hochtief release, 22 May 2026)

Signature projects & order book: Tennessee Titans new stadium, Nashville (underway); Buffalo Bills new stadium, New York (underway); Meta AI data centre, Louisiana (underway); Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (underway); One Beverly Hills (underway); San Diego International Airport Terminal 1 (underway/opening stages); Washington Dulles Concourse East expansion (underway) Order book: Backlog above US$39 billion at H1 2025 — US$12.6 billion data centres, US$6.6 billion healthcare, US$4.1 billion education, US$3.5 billion sports and entertainment (Turner H1 2025 release, as published)

Footprint: United States and Canada nationally (offices in every major market), with international growth through Dornan in Europe and selected global project offices, as published

Structure: Wholly owned subsidiary of Hochtief AG (Germany), within ACS Group (Spain) — ownership stated plainly; Turner is entered separately in this guide for its distinct building business, with the ACS entry carrying the group frame Headquarters: 66 Hudson Boulevard East, New York, NY 10001, United States (Turner headquarters, Hudson Yards, as published)

Website: turnerconstruction.com · Contact: Phone: +1 212 229 6145 (Turner media contact Chris McFadden, as published on Turner releases) Email: cmcfadden@tcco.com (Turner media contact, as published on Turner releases) Access: Office, market and project pages on turnerconstruction.com; published media contact above; SourceBlue and Dornan publish separate entry points

Turner is the largest building contractor in the United States — ENR's No. 1 Top 400 contractor for six consecutive years to 2026 — and the inventor of much of modern construction management. Founded in New York in 1902, it has been a Hochtief (and therefore ACS) company since 1999, a fact stated in its first ownership line: Turner operates with wide autonomy, its own board-level leadership and a brand stronger than its parent's in its home market. The pure builder at the top of the world's largest building market — US$39 billion of backlog without owning a toll road, a mine or a concessions book, inside a group (ACS) that owns all three Double-entry is deliberate and disclosed in both entries: Turner is counted once in the guide's 30 (here, as the Building specialist) and framed inside the ACS entry as context, not counted twice in the category totals.

Sources: Turner H1 2025 growth release and ENR leadership releases (turnerconstruction.com); Hochtief/Turner ENR rankings release, 22 May 2026 and 27 May 2025; CIMIC board page (Andresky CFO biography), 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

23. SHIMIZU CORPORATION — TOKYO, JAPAN

Founded 1804 (founded in Edo, now Tokyo, by Kisuke Shimizu) · Building specialist

Leader: Tatsuya Shimmura, President and Representative Director (since 1 April 2025) Chair: Kazuyuki Inoue, Chairman of the Board and Representative Director (chairman since 2025; President before that), as published in Shimizu's corporate information of 1 April 2026

Leadership: The 1 April 2026 management table (Board of Directors and Executive Officers) is the controlling source for this entry's leadership fields Board and executive officers in full are published in Shimizu's Corporate Information 2026 (as of 1 April 2026), including the heads of Building, Civil Engineering and the Offshore Wind / Green Energy headquarters it lists President/COO: Tatsuya Shimmura holds the President title; Executive Vice Presidents and Representative Directors Kentaro Ikeda, Takeshi Sekiguchi and Yoshito Tsutsumi serve under him, as published 1 April 2026 CFO: Not published as a CFO title — finance and accounting are led by named Managing Officers (including Michiho Yamaguchi, Managing Officer and Manager of the Accounting Department, a Director from 2026 in executive listings); no single CFO title is published — stated plainly

Business: Building — its signature: commercial, cultural, medical and high-rise buildings and large-scale development; Civil — bridges, tunnels, dams and infrastructure in Japan and Southeast Asia; Energy — offshore wind (its SEP vessel Blue Wind) and Green Energy headquarters work; Industrial — production and logistics facilities; Concessions — investment and development business (Shimizu Realty Development lineage) beside contracting

Customers: Japanese government and agencies; developers and corporate clients in Japan; Southeast Asian governments and developers through its Singapore and regional arms; energy clients for offshore wind installation

Scale: Net sales c. ¥2.0 trillion, FY ended March 2025 (Shimizu consolidated results) — c. US$13 billion

Signature projects & order book: Tokyo Station and Nihonbashi redevelopment works (completed, various); National Stadium area and Tokyo towers (completed); Blue Wind offshore wind installation programmes (ongoing, vessel commissioned 2023); Singapore and Jakarta landmark buildings through regional arms (ongoing); Yumeshima/Expo-related and domestic infrastructure works (completed/underway, as published) Order book: Not published as a single dated backlog total in the English sources consulted — orders-received reporting, as with the other zenecon; see README

Footprint: Japan first; Southeast Asia (Singapore hub), China, North America (New York office, as published) and selected markets, as published

Structure: Shimizu Corporation, listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Prime Market); the Shimizu family and affiliated foundations remain reference shareholders, as published in its filings Headquarters: 2-16-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8370, Japan (Shimizu headquarters, as published)

Website: shimz.co.jp/en/ · Contact: Phone: +81-3-3561-1111 (head office main number, as published in Shimizu corporate data) Email: Not published — no general email is published; enquiries route through shimz.co.jp contact pages Access: Corporate information and management pages on shimz.co.jp publish the full 2026 officer table used here

Shimizu, founded in 1804, is the oldest of Japan's super zenecon and historically its building-led member — the contractor of temples turned towers, with a stated philosophy drawn from the Analects ('Today's Work, Tomorrow's Heritage' in its corporate idiom). It changed presidents in April 2025: Tatsuya Shimmura became President and Kazuyuki Inoue moved to Chairman of the Board. Founded 1804 — the oldest company in this guide by a generation, and the zenecon that put its own wind-installation vessel to sea Leadership is dated precisely (1 April 2025/2026 structures) because Shimizu publishes a dated officer table — the model the guide wishes every Japanese entry matched.

Sources: Shimizu Corporate Information 2026 — Management table as of 1 April 2026 (shimz.co.jp); Shimizu executive listings, 2025–26; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

24. TAKENAKA CORPORATION — OSAKA (HEAD OFFICE); TOKYO (MAIN OFFICE), JAPAN

Founded 1610 (founded in Nagoya by Tobei Masataka Takenaka as a shrine and temple builder); incorporated 1899 (120th anniversary in 2019) · Building specialist

Leader: Masato Sasaki, President (since 2019, as published in Takenaka's releases through 2024) Chair: Masahiro Miyashita, Chairman of the Board (since 2019); Toichi Takenaka serves as Honorary Chairman of the Board (since 2019), as published in Takenaka's history record

Leadership: Chairman and President are verified from Takenaka's own history and release lines; the tier below is published in Japanese corporate data and was not fully verifiable in English sources for this edition — named as a gap Not published as a consolidated C-suite roster in English sources consulted — stated plainly President/COO: Masato Sasaki holds the President title; executive vice presidents lead the Osaka and Tokyo main offices and overseas operations, as published in part in Takenaka materials CFO: Not published — as an unlisted company Takenaka publishes no CFO title in sources consulted

Business: Building — its defining business: design-build for offices, hotels, cultural, medical and commercial buildings (the large majority of its work); Civil — limited and selective beside building; Energy — building energy systems and its geothermal participation (Takenaka Okuhida plant, as published); Industrial — production and research facilities within design-build; Concessions — development participation (Umekita 2nd Project, Osaka, as developer, as published) beside contracting

Customers: Japanese corporate and institutional clients (hotels — Park Hyatt Kyoto with Hyatt, as published; universities; manufacturers); developers in Japan and overseas markets including the United States, Europe and Southeast Asia

Scale: Not published in listed-company form — Takenaka, unlisted, reports sales of c. ¥1.6–1.7 trillion in Japanese corporate reporting as referenced in trade coverage; no figure is carried as a headline in the Scale comparisons of the README, and the basis is stated here instead of a false precision

Signature projects & order book: Tokyo Dome (completed 1988); Park Hyatt Kyoto (completed 2019, with Hyatt as published); Umekita 2nd Project / Grand Green Osaka (underway, as developer-builder); Takenaka Central Building South smart-building conversion, Osaka (completed, as published 2022); Abeno Harukas construction participation (completed 2014) Order book: Not published — unlisted-company disclosure; stated plainly

Footprint: Japan first; the United States, Europe (Germany and others) and Southeast Asia through overseas offices dating to the 1980s expansion recorded in its history, as published

Structure: Privately held (unlisted) under Takenaka family leadership — the only unlisted member of Japan's big five general contractors; no published consolidated accounts in stock-exchange form, stated plainly Headquarters: 4-1-13 Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0053, Japan (Takenaka head office, Osaka, as published); Tokyo Main Office in Shimbashi, Tokyo

Website: takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/ · Contact: Phone: Not published in sources consulted — contact routes via takenaka.co.jp Email: Not published — no general email is published in sources consulted Access: English corporate and news pages at takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e publish the Chairman/President lines used here

Takenaka is Japan's oldest contractor and its only unlisted super zenecon: a design-build house, family-led since 1610, that takes architecture in-house to a degree no listed peer matches — most of its work is design-build, and it publishes no stock-exchange accounts. Masahiro Miyashita became Chairman of the Board and Masato Sasaki President in 2019, the structure carried in its published releases since. Four centuries, one family trade, no listing: Takenaka is the control case for this guide's method — what a great contractor looks like when it owes the market no numbers at all Founded dating is given in both forms (1610 craft founding; 1899 incorporation; 120th anniversary marked in 2019) because Takenaka itself records both.

Sources: Takenaka history and news pages (takenaka.co.jp, including the 2019 chairman/president appointments and President Masato Sasaki release lines, 2020–24); Hyatt/Takenaka Park Hyatt Kyoto release; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

25. LENDLEASE CONSTRUCTION (WITHIN LENDLEASE GROUP) — SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA

Founded 1958 (Lendlease founded in Sydney by Dick Dusseldorp) · Building specialist

Leader: Nick O'Neil, Group Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director (since 10 September 2026; previously Head of Australian Real Assets at AustralianSuper; 25 years in real assets including Macquarie roles in the United States and Latin America). Succeeded Tony Lombardo (CEO 2021–2026), after an interim period under Joint Interim CEOs Andrew Nieland and Penny Ransom, as published Chair: John Gillam, Chairman, as published in Lendlease's 2026 succession announcements

Leadership: The 2026 succession (announced 12 February 2026; appointment announced 11 June 2026; effective 10 September 2026) is documented in full in ASX announcements — the controlling source for this entry Corporate Leadership Team as published includes the segment CEOs and the Chief Legal, People and Risk officers, named on lendlease.com President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — segment chief executives (Construction, Development, Investments) lead under the Group CEO; the Construction segment CEO is named in Lendlease's segment reporting CFO: Penny Ransom served as Group Chief Financial Officer and as Joint Interim CEO during the 2026 transition, as published in succession reporting — carried with that transition context

Business: Building — Construction's core: defence, health, education, commercial and residential building in Australia (with residual international building run-off after the reset); Civil — infrastructure within development precincts and construction packages, secondary to building; Energy — precinct energy within developments; Industrial — within construction's social and defence infrastructure; Concessions — development and investment management (funds) at group level, framed as group context; Construction itself contracts

Customers: Australian federal and state governments (defence and social infrastructure — c. two-thirds of external construction work, as published); institutional investors and development partners; the Brisbane 2032 Olympic ecosystem (RNA Showgrounds Athletes' Village discussions, as published)

Scale: Group revenue c. A$10 billion, FY2024–25 (Lendlease annual reporting, as reported); Construction secured c. A$4 billion of new work in H1 FY26 alone and c. A$3 billion in the preceding four and a half months (Lendlease AGM and results statements, as published)

Signature projects & order book: Barangaroo precinct, Sydney (completed stages; Lendlease-developed and built); Hunter Street Over-Station Development, Sydney (secured H1 FY26, c. A$5 billion pipeline addition with 175 Liverpool Street, as published); Melbourne Quarter and Victoria Harbour precincts (completed/underway); RNA Showgrounds Athletes' Village for Brisbane 2032 (in discussions, as published); defence estate programmes (ongoing) Order book: Construction work in hand within a group pipeline the company reported at c. A$10 billion secured with a further A$10 billion-plus of opportunities targeted in FY26 statements (Lendlease, as published) — carried as the company's own framing, not as a segment backlog

Footprint: Australia first after the 2024–25 reset; international investment-management platform retained; construction operations concentrated in Australia with international businesses sold or in run-off, as published

Structure: Lendlease Group, listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX: LLC) as stapled securities; widely held, as published Headquarters: Tower Three, International Towers Sydney, Level 14, 300 Barangaroo Avenue, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia (Lendlease headquarters, as published)

Website: lendlease.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via lendlease.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Segment and project pages on lendlease.com; ASX announcements carry the full succession and results record

Lendlease, founded in Sydney in 1958, built an integrated development-construction-investment model on four continents, then — after a shareholder revolt in 2024 — reset to an Australia-led strategy, simplifying its portfolio and selling international construction interests. Its Construction segment remains one of Australia's largest builders (defence, health, social infrastructure; c. two-thirds of external work for government clients, as the group publishes). This entry is framed within the group at a leadership turning point: Tony Lombardo stepped down in 2026 and Nick O'Neil became Group CEO and Managing Director on 10 September 2026. The integrated model, unwound in public: Lendlease is this guide's case study in what happens when development, construction and funds management are separated again — under a chief executive hired from its largest shareholder class (a superannuation fund) Framing and timing stated precisely: at the guide's October 2026 press date Nick O'Neil is CEO (from 10 September 2026); sources naming Lombardo are pre-September 2026. Lombardo's next role (Frasers Property COO, October 2026, as reported) is context, not part of this entry's leadership.

Sources: Lendlease ASX succession announcements, 12 Feb 2026 and 11 Jun 2026 (via ASX/market reporting); Lendlease AGM and H1 FY26 statements (as reported by Finance News Network and Fool Australia coverage); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

STATE MAJORS

26. CHINA COMMUNICATIONS CONSTRUCTION COMPANY (CCCC) — BEIJING, CHINA

Founded 2005 (CCCC formed by merger of China Harbour Engineering and China Road and Bridge; listed company established 2006; group lineages to 1897 harbour works) · State major

Leader: Zhang Bingnan, Executive Director and President (appointed President 30 June 2025; executive director from 23 July 2025; re-appointed President 30 January 2026 for the sixth board session) Chair: Song Hailiang, Executive Director and Chairman of the Board (since 23 July 2025; also Party Secretary of the group, as published in 2026 meeting reports)

Leadership: The controlling source is CCCC's Annual Report 2025 table of Directors and Senior Management (appointments dated 23 July 2025 and 30 January 2026) and its August 2026 interim announcements naming the current board in full Senior management as published includes Executive Director Liu Xiang and the vice presidents and chief engineer/accountant functions named in the annual report's Directors and Senior Management table President/COO: Zhang Bingnan holds the President role (the group's chief-executive equivalent); Vice Presidents include Yang Zhichao (re-appointed 30 January 2026), as published CFO: Liu Zhengchang, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of the Board (re-appointed 30 January 2026), as published in CCCC's annual report and interim filings

Business: Building — urban complex development and housing within its 'big city' business; Civil — its core: ports, waterways and dredging, roads and bridges, rail transit and municipal infrastructure; Energy — offshore wind installation and energy infrastructure within its green/low-carbon expansion, as published; Industrial — equipment manufacturing and steel structures within the group; Concessions — investment, construction and operation of transport infrastructure (BOT toll roads, ports such as Lekki Deep Sea Port) as investor-operator, a defining part of its model

Customers: The Chinese state (transport ministries and provincial governments); Belt and Road host governments (Kenya — Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway; Mozambique — Maputo–Katembe Bridge; Nigeria — Lekki Port; Cambodia — Funan Techo Canal through CRBC, as published); port and logistics operators

Scale: Group revenue c. RMB 720 billion, FY2024 (CCCC annual report basis, as reported) — c. US$100 billion. ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): CCCC ranked No. 4 internationally and No. 4 on the ENR Global list basis published for 2025

Signature projects & order book: Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway, Kenya (completed 2017); Maputo–Katembe Bridge, Mozambique (completed 2018); Lekki Deep Sea Port, Nigeria (completed 2023); Funan Techo Canal, Cambodia (underway, CRBC — agreements signed 2025, as published); Mtentu Bridge, South Africa (underway — among the world's longest balanced-cantilever bridges, as published); Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge marine works (completed 2018) Order book: New contracts of c. RMB 1.7 trillion signed in 2025 reporting (CCCC results announcements, as reported) — a flow figure published by the company; CCCC does not headline a Western-style backlog, and the distinction is stated here and in the README

Footprint: Operations in more than 150 countries in the group's own historical count (158 countries cited by its chairman in 2025, as published); Africa is its largest overseas market, as the chairman has stated

Structure: China Communications Construction Group, a central state-owned enterprise under SASAC, is the controlling shareholder of the listed CCCC (SSE: 601800; HKEX: 1800), as published Headquarters: 85 Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China (CCCC Tower, as published)

Website: en.ccccltd.cn · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in the English sources consulted — contact routes via en.ccccltd.cn Email: Not published — no general email is published in the English sources consulted; investor-relations contacts are published in CCCC's Hong Kong filings Access: Investor relations and announcement pages on en.ccccltd.cn carry the full filing record, including the 2025–26 board changes

CCCC is the Chinese state's transport-infrastructure champion — the world's largest port, road and bridge builder by the rankings in this guide — operating through China Harbour (CHEC), China Road and Bridge (CRBC), its dredging fleet (the world's largest) and design institutes, and holding a strategic stake in Portugal's Mota-Engil for Lusophone markets. Its leadership changed on 23 July 2025: Song Hailiang became Chairman and Zhang Bingnan President, succeeding Wang Tongzhou and Wang Haihuai. Dredging is destiny: CCCC owns the fleet that builds the ports, islands and canals — and pairs it with a listed-company disclosure regime that makes its 2025 leadership change the best-documented in this guide's state sector Pre-July 2025 sources naming Wang Tongzhou as Chairman are superseded; this entry uses the Annual Report 2025 appointments table and the January/August 2026 filings throughout.

Sources: CCCC Annual Report 2025 — Directors and Senior Management table and appointment notes (HKEX filing); CCCC change-of-president announcement, 30 Jun/23 Jul 2025; CCCC interim announcements, Aug 2026 (en.ccccltd.cn); ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

27. CHINA STATE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING CORPORATION (CSCEC) — BEIJING, CHINA

Founded 1957 (CSCEC origins as a state construction bureau; group incorporated 1982; listed arm floated 2009) · State major

Leader: Wen Bing, Director and President (named as Director and President in the listed company's board resolutions of 15 December 2025) Chair: Zheng Xuexuan, Chairman (and Party Secretary of the group; presiding over the board meetings of December 2025 in the published resolutions)

Leadership: The controlling sources are the listed company's December 2025 board resolutions (Chairman Zheng Xuexuan presiding; President Wen Bing attending) and its interim report signature block Vice Presidents as published include Zhao Xiaojiang (since 2016); the board of the listed company (seven directors at December 2025) and senior management are named in its announcements President/COO: Wen Bing holds the President role; the group General Manager role at the unlisted parent is held by Zhang Zhaoxiang in published group data — the listed/parent distinction is stated rather than merged CFO: Huang Jie, Chief Financial Officer (also Chief Compliance Officer, Vice President and General Counsel in executive listings; Chief Accountant from March 2024; named Head of the Company for finance in the interim report signatures as 'Chief Finance Officer: Huang Jie')

Business: Building — its largest business: housing, supertalls, airports and public buildings at unmatched volume; Civil — infrastructure (rail, bridges, highways, airports, ports, nuclear civil works) as the second engine; Energy — energy and environmental infrastructure within infrastructure operations; Industrial — modular and prefabricated building (MiC) manufacturing, a stated technology priority; Concessions — investment and development through China Overseas Land & Investment (Hong Kong-listed) and infrastructure investment arms at group level

Customers: The Chinese state at every level (its dominant client); Chinese developers and its own development arms; overseas governments and developers (Middle East through CSCEC Middle East; Africa, Southeast Asia and the Americas through China Construction International and subsidiaries)

Scale: Revenue RMB 2.187 trillion, FY2024 (CSCEC annual report, as tabulated) — c. US$302 billion, with 371,480 employees (2024). ENR (ENR): No. 1 on the Top 250 Global Contractors list (2025 edition, fifth consecutive year per CSCEC) and No. 6 on the Top 250 International Contractors 2026 list

Signature projects & order book: Ping An Finance Centre, Shenzhen (completed 2016); Beijing Daxing International Airport main works (completed 2019); Egypt New Administrative Capital CBD — including the Iconic Tower, Africa's tallest (completed/hand-over stages, CSCEC Egypt); Astana Light Rail, Kazakhstan (underway, Section 4-2 Phase 2 as published 2026); Hong Kong MiC residential firsts (approved 2026 reporting); National Stadium and Lusail-area works heritage in the Gulf through regional arms Order book: New contracts of c. RMB 4.5 trillion signed annually in recent reporting (CSCEC business briefings, as published monthly through 2025) — a flow figure on the company's own reporting basis, stated as such; no Western-style backlog headline is carried

Footprint: China first (the large majority of revenue); overseas operations in more than 100 countries in the group's published count, led by the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia

Structure: Central state-owned enterprise under SASAC; the group holds c. 57% of the listed China State Construction Engineering Corporation Limited (SSE: 601668), as published Headquarters: China State Construction Fortune International Center, Building 3, Courtyard 5, Anding Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China (as published in CSCEC's December 2025 meeting announcements)

Website: english.cscec.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in the English sources consulted — contact routes via english.cscec.com Email: Not published — no general email is published in the English sources consulted; announcement contacts are published in CSCEC's Shanghai filings Access: Announcement and periodic-report pages on english.cscec.com carry the full English filing record used here

CSCEC is the largest construction company in the world by revenue — ENR's No. 1 Global Contractor for five consecutive years in its own reporting — and the builder of most of China's supertalls, airports and housing, with an overseas arm (China Construction International, China Overseas) that carries the model abroad. This entry is framed, as briefed, as context at group level: its listed arm (SSE: 601668) publishes the filings from which the leadership below is taken. Scale beyond comparison in this guide — its revenue is roughly the next two Chinese state majors' contracting revenue combined in spirit, and it still reports monthly business briefings like a ministry Context framing honoured: the entry distinguishes the SASAC group, the listed company (the source of the filings) and the Hong Kong development arm, and does not blend their officers or figures.

Sources: CSCEC board resolutions, 15 Dec 2025, and 2025 First Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting announcement (english.cscec.com); CSCEC interim report 2025 (finance signature block); CSCEC ENR No. 1 Global Contractor statement (english.cscec.com); ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION

28. BECHTEL — RESTON, VIRGINIA, UNITED STATES

Founded 1898 (founded by Warren A. Bechtel in San Francisco) · Energy & industrial construction

Leader: Brendan Bechtel, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO since 2016; Chairman since 2017; fifth generation of the founding family) Chair: Brendan Bechtel (combined Chairman and CEO, as published)

Leadership: Business-unit presidents and regional leaders are published on bechtel.com; the corporate C-suite beyond Chairman/CEO and President/COO is not published as a single roster — stated plainly Presidents of Bechtel's business units (Energy; Nuclear, Security & Environmental; Infrastructure; Manufacturing & Technology) are named on bechtel.com's leadership pages President/COO: Craig Albert, President and Chief Operating Officer, as published on Bechtel's leadership letter CFO: Not published — Bechtel, as a private company, does not publish a CFO name in the sources consulted

Business: Building — limited, through mission-critical facilities; Civil — metros, airports, bridges and defence infrastructure; Energy — LNG, nuclear (including the Natrium advanced reactor and Vogtle completion heritage), pipelines and renewables; Industrial — semiconductor fabs, battery plants and mining; Concessions — not a concessions operator; Bechtel works as EPC contractor and programme manager, including for governments

Customers: United States Government (Departments of Energy and Defense among its largest customers); energy majors and LNG developers; semiconductor manufacturers (Micron and Intel programmes as published); Saudi Arabia (Riyadh Metro) and other sovereign clients

Scale: Revenue US$23 billion (Forbes list of America's largest private companies, 2025, as reported by Virginia Business, 2026); more than 25,000 projects completed in 160 countries since 1898 (Bechtel, as published). ENR 2026 (ENR): Bechtel ranked the second-largest United States contractor in ENR's Top 400 reporting

Signature projects & order book: Riyadh Metro — 85 stations, six lines (opened in stages 2024–25); Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, Georgia (completed 2023–24); TerraPower Natrium advanced nuclear plant, Kemmerer, Wyoming (underway, EPC); Micron semiconductor complex Phase 1, Clay, New York (selected as EPC partner, as published 2026); Intel Ohio fab campus (underway) Order book: Not published — Bechtel does not disclose a backlog figure as a private company; the gap is named in the README

Footprint: Projects in 160 countries historically; current operations concentrated in North America, the Middle East, Australia and the United Kingdom, as published

Structure: Privately held by the Bechtel family (Bechtel Group, Inc.); no external shareholders and no published financial statements — the absence of public accounts is itself a named gap for every private firm in this guide Headquarters: 12011 Sunset Hills Road, Reston, Virginia 20190, United States (Bechtel headquarters, as published)

Website: bechtel.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard on bechtel.com — contact routes via the website Email: Not published — no general email is published; Bechtel routes enquiries through bechtel.com contact pages Access: Business-unit and project pages on bechtel.com; supplier portal and careers pages are the published entry routes

Bechtel is the archetypal American mega-project contractor: Hoover Dam in the 1930s, wartime shipyards, the post-war pipeline and nuclear build-out, and — in this century — LNG trains on the US Gulf Coast, the Riyadh Metro and semiconductor fabs. It remains privately held by the Bechtel family, now in the fifth generation of leadership, and publishes no accounts. The largest privately held contractor in the world, still family-led after 128 years — and the default EPC name for LNG and nuclear megaprojects in the United States All Bechtel figures are third-party or company-statement figures because no accounts are published; each is labelled with its source in-row, per the guide's method.

Sources: Bechtel leadership letter and leadership pages (bechtel.com); Virginia Business Power 500 / Real Estate 2026 profiles of Brendan Bechtel; ENR coverage of Bechtel nuclear apprenticeship agreement, May 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

29. FLUOR CORPORATION — IRVING (DALLAS), TEXAS, UNITED STATES

Founded 1912 (founded by John Simon Fluor as a California construction company) · Energy & industrial construction

Leader: Jim Breuer, Chief Executive Officer (since 1 May 2025; previously Chief Operating Officer since 2024 and Group President, Energy Solutions; 31 years with Fluor) Chair: David E. Constable, Executive Chairman (since 1 May 2025; previously Chairman and CEO)

Leadership: Fluor publishes its executive leadership team and board in full on fluor.com and in its SEC filings Executive leadership as published includes the Group Presidents of Energy Solutions, Mission Solutions and Urban Solutions and the Chief Legal Officer and Chief Human Resources Officer, named on fluor.com President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title after the May 2025 transition — the COO role was Breuer's route to CEO; group presidents lead the three business groups CFO: John C. Regan, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, as published in Fluor's executive listings

Business: Building — through Urban Solutions (infrastructure, life sciences, advanced manufacturing facilities); Civil — bridges, highways and transit within Urban Solutions; Energy — Energy Solutions: LNG, refining, chemicals, carbon capture and fuels; Industrial — Mining & Metals and production facilities; Concessions — Fluor develops and invests selectively in PPPs (including toll-road and transit concessions heritage) rather than operating a concessions portfolio

Customers: Energy and chemical majors; mining houses; the United States Government (defence, environmental and logistics programmes through Mission Solutions); pharmaceutical and semiconductor manufacturers

Scale: Revenue US$16.3 billion, FY2024 (Fluor annual report / Form 10-K). ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026 (ENR): Fluor ranked No. 33 — a ranking that reflects its post-2020 selectivity on international fixed-price work, as Fluor itself describes its strategy

Signature projects & order book: LNG Canada export facility, Kitimat (completed, joint venture); Gordie Howe International Bridge, Detroit–Windsor (underway); Los Angeles International Airport automated people mover (underway, PPP); Hanford and United States defence-environmental programmes (ongoing, Mission Solutions) Order book: Backlog restored to the high-US$20 billions in Fluor's 2025 reporting under its 'grow and execute' strategy (Fluor results releases) — carried as reported with its date in the README method note

Footprint: Operations and offices in North and South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Australia, as published; Greenville, South Carolina and Houston are major execution centres beside Irving

Structure: Fluor Corporation, listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: FLR); widely held institutional ownership, as published in its proxy statements Headquarters: 6700 Las Colinas Boulevard, Irving, Texas 75039, United States (Fluor headquarters, as published on its releases)

Website: fluor.com · Contact: Phone: +1 469 398 7000 (Fluor headquarters main line, as published on its releases) Email: Not published — no general email is published; media and investor contacts are named on Fluor releases (Media Relations and Investor Relations contacts as printed on the February 2025 CEO release) Access: Business-group pages on fluor.com; investor relations publishes named contacts on every release

Fluor grew from California building into a Fortune-listed EPC house for refineries, petrochemicals, mining and power. After loss-making fixed-price years it rebuilt under its 'building a better future' strategy from 2021, restoring backlog quality — and in May 2025 separated its top roles, with Jim Breuer becoming CEO and David Constable moving to Executive Chairman. The turnaround EPC: a century-old energy contractor that publicly re-priced risk after 2019, shrank its international ranking on purpose, and handed over in an orderly internal succession in 2025 The May 2025 CEO transition is the controlling fact for Fluor's leadership fields; pre-2025 sources naming Constable as CEO are superseded and are not used.

Sources: Fluor CEO appointment release, 18 Feb 2025 (fluor.com / Business Wire, filed as Exhibit 99.1); Fluor Form 10-K FY2024; ENR Top 250 International Contractors 2026; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

30. SAIPEM — MILAN, ITALY

Founded 1957 (founded as a division of Eni, Italy; independent listed company from the 1969–84 Eni reorganisations) · Energy & industrial construction

Leader: Alessandro Puliti, Chief Executive Officer and General Manager (and, on completion of the Subsea7 merger, designated Chief Executive Officer of Saipem7, as published in the merger documents) Chair: Elisabetta Serafin, Chairman of the Board of Directors (non-executive and independent, as confirmed in the 2024 board appointment release)

Leadership: The 2025 AGM record and the Saipem–Subsea7 merger documentation name the full current board and the designated Saipem7 governance (Kristian Siem designated Chair of Saipem7) Executive leadership as published includes the General Counsel and Board Secretary (Simone Chini) and the Manager responsible for Financial Reporting (Luca Caviglia), named in the 2025 AGM record President/COO: Not published as a President/COO title — business lines (Offshore Engineering & Construction; Onshore Engineering & Construction; Sustainable Infrastructures; Drilling Offshore, in the post-merger structure) are led by named business-line heads under the CEO; John Evans of Subsea7 is designated to lead the combined Offshore E&C company (as Subsea7, a Saipem7 company) with Puliti as its Chair, as published CFO: Paolo Calcagnini, Chief Financial Officer (named as CFO in the minutes of the 2025 shareholders' meeting, as published)

Business: Building — within Sustainable Infrastructures (selected civil and building works in Italy); Civil — Sustainable Infrastructures division (rail, water, civil) — a minority of revenue, stated plainly; Energy — its core: Offshore Engineering & Construction (pipelines, platforms, subsea, offshore wind installation) and Onshore E&C (LNG, refining, petrochemicals, fertilisers) and Offshore Drilling; Industrial — onshore plant construction within Onshore E&C; Concessions — not a concessions operator; Saipem contracts and charters its fleet

Customers: Energy majors and national oil companies (Eni, Saudi Aramco, TotalEnergies, ADNOC, QatarEnergy categories, as published in contract awards); offshore wind developers; Italian infrastructure clients for Sustainable Infrastructures

Scale: Revenue c. €14.2 billion, FY2024 (Saipem annual report); the combined Saipem7 is expected at c. €21 billion revenue, EBITDA above €2 billion and a c. €43 billion backlog (merger announcements, February–July 2025, as published)

Signature projects & order book: Scarborough and Pluto Train 2 energy works, Australia (underway); Hail and Ghasha sour-gas packages, UAE (underway); offshore wind installation campaigns in the North Sea and France (ongoing, fleet-based); Ndungu and Angola offshore programmes (ongoing); Milan–Genoa high-speed rail (Sustainable Infrastructures, underway in consortium) Order book: Saipem standalone backlog in the high-€30 billions in 2025 reporting; combined Saipem7 backlog c. €43 billion (merger announcements, as published) — both figures carried with their bases stated, not merged

Footprint: More than 50 countries, as published; the fleet works worldwide, with Italy, Saudi Arabia, West Africa, Australia and the North Sea the largest current theatres

Structure: Saipem S.p.A., listed in Milan (Borsa Italiana); Eni and CDP Equity are the reference shareholders (and, with Siem Industries for Subsea7, parties to the Saipem7 shareholders' agreement), as published Headquarters: Via Luigi Russolo 5, 20138 Milan, Italy (Saipem headquarters, as published)

Website: saipem.com · Contact: Phone: Not published as a general switchboard in sources consulted — contact routes via saipem.com Email: Not published — no general email is published on the group site consulted Access: Investor, fleet and business-line pages on saipem.com; merger documentation is published in full there

Saipem is Italy's offshore energy contractor — the builder of pipelines, platforms and LNG plants from the Castoro and Saipem 7000 fleets — entered here, as briefed, in its energy-construction frame. Its defining current fact is combination: in February 2025 Saipem and Norway's Subsea7 agreed to merge as Saipem7 (binding agreement July 2025; completion expected in the second half of 2026), creating a c. €21 billion-revenue energy-services group with a c. €43 billion combined backlog, headquartered in Milan. A merger as a strategy statement: Saipem7 will pair an Italian onshore and fleet business with a Norwegian subsea house under an Italian headquarters and a dual Milan–Oslo listing — the largest reordering in energy contracting this decade Status at press date (October 2026): the merger was agreed and documented for completion in H2 2026; this entry is written for Saipem as it stands, with Saipem7 recorded as the designated outcome — if completion slips, the leadership fields above remain Saipem's own.

Sources: Saipem letter to shareholders, 10 Mar 2026 (saipem.com — signed Serafin, Chairman, and Puliti, CEO and General Manager); Saipem–Subsea7 combination transcript and merger releases, Feb–Jul 2025 (saipem.com); Saipem 2025 AGM record; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

NAMED GAPS

Andrade Gutierrez Engenharia — chief executive, chair, revenue, order book and street address: not verified or not published in sources consulted. It is the guide's single unverified CEO field (29 of 30 chief executives verified) and its transparency benchmark entry.

Murray & Roberts (South Africa) — excluded as a going concern, deliberately: business rescue, sale of its mining businesses under the April 2025 creditor-approved plan, CEO Henry Laas retired 31 May 2025, and the board recommended voluntary winding-up. Orascom Construction carries the Africa/Middle East seat instead. Murray & Roberts' former Australian arm Clough sits inside Webuild (acquired from administrators, February 2023).

Private and unlisted firms (Bechtel, Kiewit, Takenaka, Andrade Gutierrez; Laing O'Rourke beyond UK statutory filings) publish no accounts, backlog or full board rosters: their revenue, order-book, chair and CFO cells say so rather than carrying estimates. Bechtel's scale figure is the Forbes private-companies figure, labelled as such.

CIMIC Group publishes no standalone revenue or order book since its 2022 delisting inside ACS/Hochtief: its figures surface only in Hochtief's consolidated accounts, and its cells say so. Its executive CFO name was likewise not verified for this edition.

Japanese contractors (Obayashi, Kajima, Shimizu, Taisei, Takenaka) publish orders received, not a Western-style dated backlog, and mostly publish no CFO title: the order-book and CFO cells record the actual structure instead of importing one. Kajima's 2026 succession (President Amano died in office in January 2026; Chairman Oshimi concurrent to June; President Kiryu from 26 June 2026) is carried in full.

Chinese state majors publish new-contract flow (CCCC c. RMB 1.7 trillion; CSCEC c. RMB 4.5 trillion a year) rather than a backlog stock: the cells carry the flow with its basis stated. Acciona's Infrastructure backlog above EUR 120 billion is likewise flagged in-row as capitalised concessions and water revenue, not comparable with construction order books.

Bouygues Construction publishes no single construction order-book total in the releases consulted; Vinci Construction has no separate accounts (its figures are labelled Group or Construction-pole); Samsung C&T Construction Group and Hyundai E&C publish no separate English-language backlog total in sources consulted.

Published general emails are rare (2 of 30: VINCI press, Turner media contact) and published switchboards likewise: the industry routes contact through websites and named media/investor contacts, and the guide prints the published route rather than guessing addresses. No email or phone in this guide is guessed.

ENR figures are labelled 'ENR' with edition wherever used (Top 250 International Contractors 2026, on 2025 revenue, unless an entry says otherwise). ENR ranks groups as it lists them — ACS/Hochtief as one, Bouygues at group level — and the entries note the basis where it differs from the entry's frame.

Saipem/Subsea7: the Saipem7 merger was documented for completion in H2 2026 at press time; the Saipem entry is written for Saipem as it stands, with designated Saipem7 leadership (Puliti CEO; Kristian Siem chair) recorded as designated, not yet in office.