A fragrance house is three things at once: a name, a nose, and a door. The name may be eight centuries old — one house in this guide was a Dominican pharmacy in 1221. The nose, the perfumer, is sometimes a founder signing his own flacons and sometimes a studio no house will name. And the door may be a frescoed hall in Florence, a laboratory in Nolita where each bottle is compounded to order, or a counter in a department store on another continent. This guide maps all three, house by house.
The list covers 31 houses in four sections: the heritage houses, the beauty majors and group divisions, the licences and group arms, and the niche and independent houses. For each: its parent group as it stands in late 2026, its president or chief executive — verified individually — its master perfumer or creative director of fragrance where the house names one, what it sells and how it works, its specialties, its client posture in words, its flagship doors (182 individually named), and its published scale figure where the house or its group gives one, dated and sourced. Where no official figure exists, the entry says "not published" rather than estimating one. Licensed houses say so in their entries: Giorgio Armani Beauty is a L'Oréal licence, Coty and Interparfums operate other companies' names, and Creed — acquired by Kering in 2023 — passed to L'Oréal when the Kering Beauté acquisition was completed on March 31, 2026.
THE HERITAGE HOUSES
1. CHANEL (PARFUMS & BEAUTÉ) — LONDON (GLOBAL HQ); PARIS (HISTORIC HOME), UNITED KINGDOM / FRANCE
Founded 1910 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: Founded by Gabrielle Chanel in Paris in 1910; Parfums Chanel created in 1924 with the Wertheimer partnership; Chanel No 5 (1921, Ernest Beaux) remains the reference modern perfume.
Parent group: Chanel Limited — private, owned by the Wertheimer family
Leadership: Leena Nair, Global Chief Executive Officer of Chanel; Alain Wertheimer, Global Executive Chairman; Simona Cattaneo, President, Fragrance and Beauty (Chanel appointment releases, incl. September 2026)
Master perfumer / creative director: Olivier Polge, in-house Perfumer-Creator (since 2013); Lucia Pieroni, Creative Makeup Director (from September 2026)
Sells: Fragrance (No 5, Coco Mademoiselle, Bleu de Chanel, Chance, Les Exclusifs), makeup, skincare; sold as one division alongside fashion, watches and fine jewellery
Specialties: Les Exclusifs de Chanel collection; in-house perfumer model at the Grasse-linked creation laboratory; No 5 as the house icon
Client posture: Own boutiques and beauty doors plus selected department-store counters; fragrance and beauty also on chanel.com
Scale: Chanel group revenue $19.3bn in 2025 (company results, May 2026 coverage); no fragrance-and-beauty split is published. Per-division door total: not published
Access: Walk-in at boutiques and beauty doors; fragrance consultations and makeup services by appointment at flagships in words of the house's client-care pages
Distinctiveness: The in-house perfumer-creator model and No 5 give Chanel a fragrance authority no licence house can match; beauty is run as a first-class division, not an accessory to fashion.
Notes: Treatment: entered as the fragrance and beauty division of Chanel; the fashion house is covered separately in LIKE Fashion's fashion-houses guide.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (31 Rue Cambon); Paris, France (Le Marais beauty boutique); London, United Kingdom (New Bond Street); New York, United States (57th Street); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza); Seoul, South Korea (Cheongdam-dong) · Offices: London; Paris; New York; Hong Kong; Tokyo (group offices — house-published list: not published)
Website: chanel.com · Contact: Client care and boutique locator via chanel.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Chanel Limited, London, United Kingdom (street address: Not published in sources found at press time) · Annual report: Private company — no annual report; annual financial results statement, published each spring (2025 results: May 2026)
Sources: chanel.com; Chanel 2025 results coverage (Reuters, May 2026); Chanel appointment release via Beauty Directory, September 2026 (Cattaneo, Pieroni)
2. GUERLAIN — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1828 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: Founded in Paris in 1828 by Pierre-François-Pascal Guerlain; perfumer to European courts; Jicky (1889), Shalimar (1925) and the Guerlinade accord define the house; acquired by LVMH in 1994.
Parent group: LVMH — Perfumes & Cosmetics / Beauty division
Leadership: Gabrielle Saint-Genis, President and Chief Executive Officer of Guerlain (LVMH appointment, 2023; confirmed in post 2025); division oversight: Véronique Courtois, Chairman and CEO, LVMH Beauty (February 2026)
Master perfumer / creative director: Thierry Wasser, Master Perfumer (since 2008); Delphine Jelk, Director of Perfume Creation
Sells: Fragrance (Shalimar, Mon Guerlain, L'Art & La Matière), skincare (Abeille Royale, Orchidée Impériale), makeup (Terracotta, Rouge G), spa services
Specialties: L'Art & La Matière haute parfumerie; the Guerlinade house accord; bee and orchid skincare research; personalisation and engraving ateliers
Client posture: Own boutiques (including the historic Champs-Élysées house) plus department-store counters and travel retail
Scale: LVMH Perfumes & Cosmetics revenue €8,174m in 2025 (LVMH results); Guerlain-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; fragrance consultations, personalisation and spa appointments bookable at flagships and via guerlain.com
Distinctiveness: The oldest great name in the guide still operating at full breadth — fragrance, skincare, makeup and spa — with an unbroken perfumer line from founder to Thierry Wasser.
Notes: One of the few heritage houses whose master perfumer is a named, continuing office.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (68 Avenue des Champs-Élysées — historic house, 1828 lineage); Paris, France (Place Vendôme); London, United Kingdom (Regent Street); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza); Shanghai, China (flagship beauty house) · Offices: Paris (head office); LVMH Beauty regional offices worldwide (list: not published)
Website: guerlain.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via guerlain.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: 68 Avenue des Champs-Élysées, 75008 Paris, France (historic flagship address) · Annual report: Parent LVMH annual results each January/February, Paris; Universal Registration Document each spring
Sources: guerlain.com; LVMH appointment releases 2023 and 9 February 2026 (Courtois); LVMH 2025 results
3. PARFUMS CHRISTIAN DIOR — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1947 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: Created alongside the couture house in 1947 (Miss Dior, 1947); grew into LVMH's largest beauty maison on Sauvage, J'adore and the Dior makeup lines.
Parent group: LVMH — Perfumes & Cosmetics / Beauty division
Leadership: Véronique Courtois, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Parfums Christian Dior and of the LVMH Beauty division (LVMH release, 9 February 2026)
Master perfumer / creative director: Francis Kurkdjian, Perfume Creation Director (since 2021); Peter Philips, Creative and Image Director of Dior Makeup
Sells: Fragrance (Sauvage, J'adore, Miss Dior, La Collection Privée), makeup (Dior Forever, Addict), skincare (Prestige, Capture)
Specialties: La Collection Privée Christian Dior haute parfumerie; Grasse rose sourcing (Domaine de Manon partnership); Sauvage as the world's reference men's franchise
Client posture: Own Dior beauty boutiques and counters in department stores and Sephora; dior.com
Scale: LVMH Perfumes & Cosmetics revenue €8,174m in 2025 (LVMH); Dior-only beauty revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; private fragrance consultations at La Collection Privée salons and flagship beauty floors by appointment
Distinctiveness: Scale with couture standing: the only beauty maison in the guide that is simultaneously a top fragrance, makeup and skincare power under one couture name.
Notes: Francis Kurkdjian holds the creation directorship while also leading his own maison (separate entry) — a dual role LVMH states openly.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (30 Avenue Montaigne — La Boutique Dior); Paris, France (Avenue des Champs-Élysées); London, United Kingdom (New Bond Street); New York, United States (57th Street); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza Six); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall) · Offices: Paris (head office); LVMH Beauty regional offices (list: not published)
Website: dior.com · Contact: Client advisors and boutique locator via dior.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: 30 Avenue Montaigne, 75008 Paris, France (maison flagship address) · Annual report: Parent LVMH annual results each January/February, Paris
Sources: dior.com; LVMH release, 9 February 2026; LVMH 2025 results
4. HERMÈS PARFUMS & BEAUTÉ — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1837 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: The house founded 1837; perfumery from Eau d'Hermès (1951) built slowly into a métier of the house; beauty launched 2020 under the same roof; Terre d'Hermès (2006) is the modern landmark.
Parent group: Hermès International — listed in Paris; controlled by the Hermès family
Leadership: Axel Dumas, Executive Chairman of Hermès International; the Perfume and Beauty métier sits within the house's métier structure (métier head named in the Universal Registration Document)
Master perfumer / creative director: Christine Nagel, Director of Olfactory Creation (in-house perfumer, since 2016)
Sells: Fragrance (Terre d'Hermès, Twilly, H24, Hermessence), makeup (Rouge Hermès), skincare and bath lines
Specialties: Hermessence collection; objects-first beauty design (Pierre Hardy-designed lipstick and brush objects); refillable, long-life product design
Client posture: Own Hermès stores only, plus hermes.com; no department-store wholesale of the métier
Scale: Hermès Perfume and Beauty revenue €489m in 2025 (Hermès reporting, compiled 2026); 294 Hermès stores across 45 countries at end-2025 (group)
Access: Walk-in at Hermès stores; beauty consultations in-store; no separate appointment system published
Distinctiveness: Beauty as a Hermès métier rather than a licence: one in-house perfumer, object-led design, and distribution restricted to the house's own stores.
Notes: The smallest revenue line in this section by design — the métier is paced by the house, not the market.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (24 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré); Paris, France (Rue de Sèvres); London, United Kingdom (New Bond Street); New York, United States (Madison Avenue); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza); Seoul, South Korea (Cheongdam-dong) · Offices: Paris and Pantin, France (house ateliers); Hermès regional offices worldwide
Website: hermes.com · Contact: Store locator and customer service via hermes.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: 24 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France (flagship) · Annual report: Hermès annual results each February, Paris; Universal Registration Document each spring
Sources: hermes.com; Hermès 2025 Universal Registration Document and results (294 stores; Perfume and Beauty €489m as compiled from Hermès reporting)
5. PARFUMS GIVENCHY — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1952 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: Founded with the couture house in 1952; L'Interdit (1957, created for Audrey Hepburn) anchors the fragrance line; beauty sits inside LVMH alongside the couture house.
Parent group: LVMH — Perfumes & Cosmetics / Beauty division
Leadership: House-level President/CEO: not separately confirmed in official sources found at press time — a named gap; division oversight: Véronique Courtois, Chairman and CEO, LVMH Beauty (February 2026)
Master perfumer / creative director: No single named master perfumer published by the house at press time — a named gap; creation is studio-led within LVMH
Sells: Fragrance (L'Interdit, Irresistible, Gentleman, La Collection Particulière), makeup (Prisme Libre), skincare (Le Soin Noir)
Specialties: La Collection Particulière haute parfumerie; Prisme Libre loose-powder franchise; Le Soin Noir black-algae skincare
Client posture: Counters and beauty doors in department stores and Sephora, plus givenchybeauty.com; limited own beauty boutiques
Scale: LVMH Perfumes & Cosmetics revenue €8,174m in 2025 (LVMH); Givenchy-only beauty revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in at counters; makeup consultations at flagship counters by appointment in words of retailer booking pages
Distinctiveness: A couture name carried in beauty chiefly by two franchises — L'Interdit in fragrance and Prisme Libre in makeup — rather than by breadth.
Notes: Leadership gap is stated, not filled: no current house-level chief was verified from an official LVMH source in this pass.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré beauty presence); London, United Kingdom (Harrods beauty halls); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza); Shanghai, China (flagship counter presence); New York, United States (department-store beauty floors) · Offices: Paris / Levallois area (LVMH Beauty offices; house list: not published)
Website: givenchy.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via givenchy.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent LVMH annual results each January/February, Paris
Sources: givenchy.com; LVMH 2025 results; LVMH release, 9 February 2026 (division oversight)
6. ACQUA DI PARMA — PARMA / MILAN, ITALY
Founded 1916 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: Founded in Parma in 1916; Colonia (1916) defined Italian eau de cologne for a century; acquired by LVMH in 2001 and rebuilt as the group's Italian lifestyle maison.
Parent group: LVMH — Perfumes & Cosmetics / Beauty division
Leadership: Brand Managing Director: Louis-Antoine Rousseau assumed the role in 2026 (LVMH reporting, autumn 2026); division oversight: Véronique Courtois, LVMH Beauty
Master perfumer / creative director: No single named in-house perfumer published at press time — a named gap; creation is maison studio-led
Sells: Fragrance (Colonia, Blu Mediterraneo, Signatures of the Sun), home fragrance, bath and grooming, lifestyle objects
Specialties: Colonia and the Blu Mediterraneo line; Signatures of the Sun haute collection; the yellow Parma identity and artisan candle and home lines
Client posture: Own boutiques (Casa Acqua di Parma flagships) plus selected department stores and travel retail
Scale: LVMH Perfumes & Cosmetics revenue €8,174m in 2025 (LVMH); maison-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; fragrance profiling and gifting consultations at Casa boutiques by appointment
Distinctiveness: The guide's Italian cologne archetype: a single 1916 formula extended into a full lifestyle maison without leaving its home register.
Notes: Leadership entry reflects the 2026 managing-director change reported in LVMH results coverage.
Flagship doors: Milan, Italy (Via Montenapoleone — Casa Acqua di Parma); Parma, Italy (historic home city boutique); Paris, France (Rue Saint-Honoré); London, United Kingdom (Regent Street); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall); Shanghai, China (flagship boutique) · Offices: Milan, Italy (maison head office); LVMH regional offices
Website: acquadiparma.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via acquadiparma.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent LVMH annual results each January/February, Paris
Sources: acquadiparma.com; LVMH 2025 results and Q3 2026 reporting (Rousseau appointment)
7. PENHALIGON'S — LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM
Founded 1870 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: Founded by William Penhaligon, barber and perfumer in London in 1870; supplier to Queen Victoria's court; Hammam Bouquet (1872) and Blenheim Bouquet (1902) endure; acquired by Puig in 2015.
Parent group: Puig — Fragrance and Fashion segment
Leadership: Group: Jose Manuel Albesa, Chief Executive Officer of Puig (from March 2026); Marc Puig, Executive Chairman. House-level head: not separately confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: No single named master perfumer published at press time — a named gap; creation is maison-led within Puig
Sells: Fragrance (Portraits collection, Blenheim Bouquet, Halfeti), bath, body and home fragrance
Specialties: The Portraits collection of character fragrances; British heritage lines (Blenheim Bouquet, Hammam Bouquet); fragrance profiling in-store
Client posture: Own boutiques (London-led) plus selected department stores and puig-group retail partners
Scale: Puig Fragrance and Fashion revenue €3,646m in 2025 (Puig results); Penhaligon's-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; fragrance profiling appointments bookable at London flagships
Distinctiveness: Victorian barber-perfumer heritage run with a contemporary storyteller's hand — the Portraits menagerie is the clearest character-led line in heritage perfumery.
Notes: Puig groups Penhaligon's with its niche portfolio in results commentary.
Flagship doors: London, United Kingdom (Wellington Street, Covent Garden); London, United Kingdom (Regent Street); London, United Kingdom (Kings Road); New York, United States (flagship boutique); Hong Kong (flagship boutique); Paris, France (boutique presence) · Offices: London, United Kingdom (maison home); Puig head office, Barcelona, Spain
Website: penhaligons.com · Contact: Store locator and customer care via penhaligons.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent Puig annual results each spring, Barcelona/Madrid (listed on BME since 2024)
Sources: penhaligons.com; Puig 2025 results and 2026 leadership reporting (Albesa, Marc Puig)
8. CREED (THE HOUSE OF CREED) — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1760 · Heritage fragrance house · Europe
History: Founded in London in 1760 by James Henry Creed; Paris house from 1854; Aventus (2010) became the reference modern prestige men's fragrance; acquired by Kering in 2023 and transferred to L'Oréal on completion of the Kering Beauté acquisition, 31 March 2026.
Parent group: L'Oréal — L'Oréal Luxe (from 31 March 2026; previously Kering Beauté)
Leadership: Division: Cyril Chapuy, President, L'Oréal Luxe; L'Oréal Group CEO: Nicolas Hieronimus. House-level chief after the L'Oréal completion: not separately confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: The house historically names the Creed family (Erwin Creed, seventh generation) in creation; a current named master perfumer under L'Oréal ownership: not confirmed — a named gap
Sells: Fragrance only at house breadth (Aventus, Green Irish Tweed, Silver Mountain Water, Millésime Impérial), bath and home lines
Specialties: Millésime positioning and natural-ingredient sourcing narrative; Aventus franchise including Aventus for Her; hand-finished flacon presentation
Client posture: Own Creed boutiques plus prestige department-store counters (Neiman Marcus, Harrods and peers) and creedfragrance.com
Scale: Acquired by Kering in 2023 in a transaction reported at €3.5bn for Kering Beauté's core asset; L'Oréal completed the €4bn Kering Beauté acquisition on 31 March 2026 (L'Oréal release). Creed-only revenue: not published
Access: Walk-in; private fragrance consultations at flagships by appointment
Distinctiveness: Two ownership changes in three years (Kering 2023, L'Oréal 2026) make Creed the guide's clearest case of a heritage niche house becoming a group-scale asset.
Notes: Treatment: entered once, under current (late-2026) L'Oréal ownership, with the Kering chapter stated in its history — not double-counted under Kering, which no longer owns a beauty division.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré area boutique); London, United Kingdom (Mount Street); New York, United States (Madison Avenue); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall); Hong Kong (Harbour City); Los Angeles, United States (Beverly Hills) · Offices: Paris, France (maison); L'Oréal Luxe offices, Clichy/Paris
Website: creedfragrance.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via creedfragrance.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent L'Oréal annual results each February, Paris/Clichy; Universal Registration Document each spring
Sources: creedfragrance.com; L'Oréal completion release, 31 March 2026; Kering–L'Oréal alliance reporting, October 2025–April 2026
THE BEAUTY MAJORS & GROUP DIVISIONS
9. ESTÉE LAUDER (THE HOUSE) — NEW YORK, UNITED STATES
Founded 1946 · Beauty major · North America
History: Founded in New York in 1946 by Estée Lauder; Youth-Dew (1953) and Night Repair (1982) built the prestige skincare and fragrance counter model; the founding brand of The Estée Lauder Companies.
Parent group: The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (NYSE: EL) — the house is the group's founding and namesake brand
Leadership: Stéphane de La Faverie, President and Chief Executive Officer of The Estée Lauder Companies (from January 2025; confirmed hosting fiscal 2027 results calls, October 2026); Jane Hertzmark Hudis, Executive Vice President and Chief Brand Officer (group)
Master perfumer / creative director: No single named master perfumer for the house brand — creation is brand-team led; group fragrance houses carry their own creators (see Frédéric Malle, Le Labo, Kilian entries)
Sells: Skincare (Advanced Night Repair, Revitalizing Supreme+), makeup (Double Wear), fragrance (Beautiful, Pleasures, AERIN as sister line)
Specialties: Advanced Night Repair serum franchise; Double Wear makeup franchise; the department-store prestige counter system the founder pioneered ('gift with purchase')
Client posture: Department-store and specialty counters (Sephora, Ulta Beauty), own freestanding stores in selected markets, and esteelauder.com
Scale: Group net sales: fiscal 2026 results reported by the company (year to 30 June 2026); group fragrance category net sales $2,779m in fiscal 2026 (company reporting, compiled 2026). House-brand-only revenue: not published
Access: Walk-in at counters and stores; skincare consultations and makeup services by appointment at flagships and via esteelauder.com
Distinctiveness: The founding house of modern prestige beauty distribution: the counter, the gift with purchase and the serum all trace to this name.
Notes: Treatment: the house is entered separately from its group; La Mer, Tom Ford Beauty, Frédéric Malle, Le Labo, Jo Malone London and Kilian Paris — all Estée Lauder Companies brands — carry their own entries and state the parent in each.
Flagship doors: New York, United States (Fifth Avenue flagship presence); London, United Kingdom (Regent Street); Paris, France (department-store beauty floors); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza); Shanghai, China (flagship counter presence); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall) · Offices: New York (global headquarters, 767 Fifth Avenue); Melville, NY (operations); London; Paris; Hong Kong; Tokyo
Website: esteelauder.com · Contact: Customer care and store locator via esteelauder.com / elcompanies.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: 767 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10153, United States (group headquarters) · Annual report: Form 10-K each August (fiscal year ends 30 June); annual meeting each November, New York
Sources: elcompanies.com; Business Wire releases, October 2026 (de La Faverie, Shrivastava); company fiscal 2026 reporting
10. LA MER — NEW YORK, UNITED STATES
Founded 1995 · Beauty major · North America
History: Built on Dr Max Huber's Miracle Broth and Crème de la Mer (created decades earlier; launched as a brand under Estée Lauder in 1995); the reference luxury skincare jar of the prestige era.
Parent group: The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
Leadership: Group: Stéphane de La Faverie, President and CEO. Brand-level president: not separately confirmed in official sources found at press time — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: Not applicable as a fragrance-led house; the brand's creation identity is skincare science (Miracle Broth fermentation)
Sells: Skincare only at breadth (Crème de la Mer, The Concentrate, Genaissance), with limited body and treatment colour
Specialties: Miracle Broth and sea-kelp fermentation; Genaissance de la Mer top tier; hand-finished jar ritual and in-store facial services
Client posture: Prestige counters in top department stores, Sephora in selected markets, own treatment rooms; no mass distribution
Scale: Group net sales (fiscal 2026, company reported); La Mer-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in at counters; facial treatments and consultations by appointment at treatment-room doors
Distinctiveness: A single-origin skincare myth — one broth, one jar — sustained at the top price register of prestige skincare for three decades.
Notes: Entered as a stablemate of the Estée Lauder house entry, per the guide's consistent treatment of the group.
Flagship doors: New York, United States (department-store treatment rooms); London, United Kingdom (Harrods); Paris, France (Le Bon Marché / Galeries Lafayette presence); Tokyo, Japan (Isetan Shinjuku); Hong Kong (Harbour City); Shanghai, China (flagship counter presence) · Offices: New York (group headquarters); brand teams within ELC offices worldwide
Website: lamer.com · Contact: Concierge and store locator via lamer.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Via group headquarters, 767 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, United States · Annual report: Parent 10-K each August, New York
Sources: lamer.com; elcompanies.com brand portfolio and fiscal 2026 reporting
11. TOM FORD BEAUTY — NEW YORK, UNITED STATES
Founded 2006 · Beauty major · North America
History: Launched in 2006 with Black Orchid and the Private Blend collection under licence to Estée Lauder; the beauty business was acquired outright by The Estée Lauder Companies in 2023 (deal valued at $2.8bn at announcement).
Parent group: The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (owner of Tom Ford Beauty since 2023); the Tom Ford fashion trademark is held separately (Zegna Group licence)
Leadership: Group: Stéphane de La Faverie, President and CEO of ELC. Brand-level president: not separately confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: No single named master perfumer published — creation is brand-led with leading external perfumers; Tom Ford remains the line's founding creative reference
Sells: Fragrance (Private Blend, Signature), makeup, skincare; eyewear-adjacent beauty presentation in Tom Ford boutiques under separate arrangements
Specialties: Private Blend collection (Lost Cherry, Tobacco Vanille, Oud Wood); Black Orchid; the architectonic flacon and shade-naming voice of the line
Client posture: Own Tom Ford beauty doors and counters in prestige department stores and Sephora; tomfordbeauty.com
Scale: Acquisition valued at $2.8bn (ELC, 2022 announcement; completed 2023). Brand-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; makeup and fragrance consultations at Tom Ford doors by appointment
Distinctiveness: The designer-beauty licence that became an acquisition: the clearest case in the guide of a licence's value being proved, then bought.
Notes: Treatment: beauty only. Tom Ford fashion is covered in LIKE Fashion's fashion-houses guide under the Zegna Group.
Flagship doors: New York, United States (Madison Avenue); London, United Kingdom (Sloane Street); Milan, Italy (Via Montenapoleone); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall); Hong Kong (Harbour City); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza) · Offices: New York (ELC headquarters); brand teams in ELC regional offices
Website: tomfordbeauty.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via tomfordbeauty.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Via group headquarters, 767 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, United States · Annual report: Parent 10-K each August, New York
Sources: tomfordbeauty.com; ELC acquisition releases 2022–2023; elcompanies.com
12. LANCÔME / L'ORÉAL LUXE — CLICHY / PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1935 · Group division · Europe
History: Lancôme founded in Paris in 1935 by Armand Petitjean; acquired by L'Oréal in 1964 and made the flagship of what became L'Oréal Luxe, the division that also carries Armani Beauty, YSL Beauté, Prada Beauty, Valentino Beauty and, from 2026, Creed and the Kering licences.
Parent group: L'Oréal Groupe — L'Oréal Luxe division
Leadership: Nicolas Hieronimus, Chief Executive Officer of L'Oréal Groupe; Cyril Chapuy, President, L'Oréal Luxe (both confirmed in L'Oréal releases, March–July 2026)
Master perfumer / creative director: Division model: no single master perfumer; Lancôme works with leading perfumers per launch, while division houses such as Creed and Maison Francis Kurkdjian carry their own creation identities
Sells: Lancôme skincare (Génifique, Absolue), makeup, fragrance (La Vie Est Belle, Idôle); division-wide: designer and couture beauty across the Luxe portfolio
Specialties: Absolue and Génifique skincare franchises; La Vie Est Belle; the division's licence engine (Armani, YSL, Prada, Valentino) now joined by the 50-year Kering alliance licences
Client posture: Department-store and perfumery counters, Sephora, pharmacies in France for sister lines, own Lancôme boutiques and instituts in selected cities, and lancome.com
Scale: L'Oréal Luxe is the group's largest division (annual results each February; division sales published in the Universal Registration Document). Lancôme-only revenue: not published; L'Oréal fragrance category sales €6,424.9m in 2025 (L'Oréal reporting, compiled 2026)
Access: Walk-in at counters; skincare diagnosis and makeup appointments at the Paris flagship institut and selected doors
Distinctiveness: The division entry of the guide: Lancôme is both a house in its own right and the working proof of L'Oréal Luxe's model — own brands and licences under one roof.
Notes: Treatment: entered as a division entry (Lancôme/L'Oréal Luxe) as briefed; Armani Beauty and Creed, which sit in the same division, carry separate entries stating the licence/ownership in each.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (52 Avenue des Champs-Élysées — Lancôme flagship); New York, United States (department-store beauty floors); London, United Kingdom (department-store beauty floors); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza); Shanghai, China (flagship doors); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall) · Offices: Clichy, France (L'Oréal headquarters); Paris (Luxe division); New York; Shanghai; Dubai (regional hubs)
Website: lancome.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via lancome.com / loreal.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: L'Oréal Groupe, Clichy, France (registered office; street address as published by the group) · Annual report: L'Oréal annual results each February, Paris; Universal Registration Document and annual general meeting each spring
Sources: lancome.com; loreal.com; L'Oréal releases, 31 March 2026 and 7 July 2026 (Chapuy, Hieronimus)
13. GIORGIO ARMANI BEAUTY — MILAN (HOUSE) / CLICHY (LICENCE OPERATOR), ITALY / FRANCE
Founded 1975 · Group division · Europe
History: The Armani house founded in Milan in 1975; beauty created under licence — L'Oréal has held the Armani beauty licence since 1988, renewed to 2050 — and built Acqua di Giò (1996) and Sì into reference franchises.
Parent group: Licence: L'Oréal Luxe (operator) for Giorgio Armani S.p.A. — stated plainly: Armani Beauty is a licensed business, not an Armani-owned one
Leadership: Licence operator: Cyril Chapuy, President, L'Oréal Luxe; Nicolas Hieronimus, CEO, L'Oréal Groupe. Licensor house leadership sits with the Armani Group, Milan
Master perfumer / creative director: No single named master perfumer published for the licence — creation is L'Oréal Luxe studio-led with leading perfumers per launch
Sells: Fragrance (Acqua di Giò, Stronger With You, Sì, Armani Privé), makeup (Luminous Silk, Lip Maestro), skincare (Crema Nera)
Specialties: Armani Privé haute parfumerie (Les Eaux, La Collection); Luminous Silk foundation franchise; Crema Nera top skincare tier
Client posture: Counters in prestige department stores and Sephora, Armani beauty doors within Armani flagships by arrangement, and armanibeauty.com
Scale: Licence renewed to 2050 (L'Oréal/Armani). Armani Beauty-only revenue: not published; L'Oréal Luxe division sales published at group level each February
Access: Walk-in at counters; Privé fragrance consultations at flagship beauty floors by appointment
Distinctiveness: The longest-running designer licence in the guide (1988–2050) and the template every later licence — including the 2026 Kering alliance — is measured against.
Notes: Licence stated in the entry title treatment and parent field, per the guide's rule that licensed houses say so.
Flagship doors: Milan, Italy (Via Montenapoleone — Armani flagship beauty floor); Paris, France (department-store beauty floors); New York, United States (Madison Avenue flagship presence); London, United Kingdom (department-store beauty floors); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall); Tokyo, Japan (Ginza) · Offices: Milan (licensor); Clichy/Paris (operator); L'Oréal regional hubs
Website: armanibeauty.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via armanibeauty.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Operator L'Oréal annual results each February, Paris
Sources: armanibeauty.com; L'Oréal/Armani licence renewal reporting (to 2050); loreal.com
14. SHISEIDO — TOKYO (GINZA), JAPAN
Founded 1872 · Beauty major · Asia-Pacific
History: Founded in Ginza, Tokyo, in 1872 as Japan's first Western-style pharmacy; Eudermine (1897) began a skincare line that made Shiseido Asia's reference beauty house; global prestige expansion followed from the 2010s.
Parent group: Shiseido Company, Limited — listed in Tokyo (TSE: 4911); the entry covers the namesake brand within the group
Leadership: Kentaro Fujiwara, Director, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, President and CEO (from 1 January 2025; reappointed at the 2026 annual general meeting)
Master perfumer / creative director: Group model: brand-led creation; the group's fragrance licences (Narciso Rodriguez, Max Mara from 2024 reporting) and Drunk Elephant/NARS sit as sister brands
Sells: Skincare (Ultimune, Vital Perfection, Future Solution LX), makeup, sun care (the Anessa sister line in Asia), fragrance licences
Specialties: Ultimune serum franchise; Future Solution LX top tier; Japanese skincare-technology and Ginza flagship retail theatre
Client posture: Department-store counters across Asia, Sephora and specialty in the West, own Shiseido Ginza flagship and brand stores, and shiseido.com
Scale: Group net sales published in yen in annual results each February (fiscal year to 31 December); namesake-brand-only revenue: not published
Access: Walk-in; skincare consultations and personalised diagnosis at Ginza flagship and department-store counters by appointment
Distinctiveness: The guide's senior Asian major: a pharmacy-born house whose skincare science and Ginza retail culture predate most Western prestige brands.
Notes: Clé de Peau Beauté, the group's top luxury line, carries its own entry under the guide's stablemate rule.
Flagship doors: Tokyo, Japan (Shiseido Ginza flagship, Ginza); Tokyo, Japan (Hanatsubaki / Shiseido Parlour building, Ginza); Osaka, Japan (Shinsaibashi); Shanghai, China (flagship doors); Paris, France (department-store presence); New York, United States (specialty retail presence) · Offices: Tokyo (Ginza headquarters); Yokohama (research); New York; Paris; Shanghai; Singapore (regional hubs)
Website: shiseido.com · Contact: Store locator and customer care via shiseido.com / corp.shiseido.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Ginza, Chuo City, Tokyo, Japan (headquarters district; full street address as published by the company) · Annual report: Annual results each February, Tokyo; annual general meeting each March; Integrated Report each year
Sources: corp.shiseido.com (CEO message, Fujiwara); Shiseido 2026 AGM reporting; shiseido.com
15. CLÉ DE PEAU BEAUTÉ — TOKYO, JAPAN
Founded 1982 · Beauty major · Asia-Pacific
History: Launched by Shiseido in 1982 as its apex luxury line; built on Skin-Empowering Illuminator research and La Crème; the group's answer to the European luxury skincare houses.
Parent group: Shiseido Company, Limited
Leadership: Group: Kentaro Fujiwara, President and CEO of Shiseido Company. Brand-level global head: not separately confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: Not a fragrance-led house; creation identity is skincare science and colour design (the line's long association with makeup creative Lucia Pieroni, 2006–2019, is part of its recorded history)
Sells: Luxury skincare (La Crème, Key Radiance Care), makeup (Radiant foundations, lipsticks), limited fragrance and body lines
Specialties: La Crème and the Skin-Empowering Illuminator platform; couture-grade makeup textures at the top price register of Japanese beauty
Client posture: Top department-store counters only (Isetan, Harrods, Neiman Marcus class), own boutiques in Asia, and cledepeaubeaute.com
Scale: Brand-only revenue and door total: not published (Shiseido reports by segment, not by this brand)
Access: Walk-in at counters; facial and consultation appointments at flagship counters
Distinctiveness: Japan's apex skincare line: priced and distributed against La Mer and La Prairie rather than against its own group's main line.
Notes: Entered separately from Shiseido as briefed, with the parent stated in the entry.
Flagship doors: Tokyo, Japan (Ginza flagship presence); Hong Kong (Harbour City / IFC presence); Shanghai, China (flagship counter presence); London, United Kingdom (Harrods); New York, United States (prestige department-store presence); Paris, France (prestige department-store presence) · Offices: Tokyo (group headquarters); brand teams in Shiseido regional offices
Website: cledepeaubeaute.com · Contact: Concierge and store locator via cledepeaubeaute.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Via Shiseido headquarters, Ginza, Tokyo, Japan · Annual report: Parent annual results each February, Tokyo
Sources: cledepeaubeaute.com; corp.shiseido.com
16. AMOREPACIFIC (SULWHASOO) — SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
Founded 1945 · Beauty major · Asia-Pacific
History: Founded in Korea in 1945; Sulwhasoo (origins in the 1966 ABC Ginseng Cream; named line from 1997) built Korean herbal skincare — ginseng science — into a global luxury register; Laneige and Innisfree are sister brands at other registers.
Parent group: Amorepacific Group / Amorepacific Corporation — listed in Seoul (KRX)
Leadership: Group chairman: Suh Kyung-bae (Chairman, Amorepacific Group). Corporation-level President/CEO titleholder: not confirmed from an official English-language source in this pass — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: Not a fragrance-led group; creation identity is ginseng and herbal skincare research (Amorepacific R&I Center, Yongin)
Sells: Sulwhasoo luxury skincare (First Care, Concentrated Ginseng), Amorepacific namesake top line (Time Response), colour and cushion franchises group-wide
Specialties: Concentrated Ginseng Renewing line and Ginseng science; the cushion-compact format the group carried worldwide; Sulwhasoo flagship-house cultural programming in Seoul
Client posture: Own Sulwhasoo flagships and department-store counters in Asia; Sephora in North America and Europe for selected lines; amorepacific.com / sulwhasoo.com
Scale: Group revenue published in won in quarterly and annual results (Seoul); Sulwhasoo-only revenue: not published in sources found
Access: Walk-in; skincare consultations and cultural programmes at the Seoul flagships by appointment/reservation
Distinctiveness: The Korean luxury register in one entry: ginseng skincare presented with the ceremony and architecture of a European heritage house.
Notes: Leadership gap is on the corporation-level title only; the group chairmanship is confirmed.
Flagship doors: Seoul, South Korea (Sulwhasoo Flagship Store, Dosan-daero, Gangnam); Seoul, South Korea (Bukchon Sulwhasoo house); Hong Kong (flagship counter presence); Shanghai, China (flagship counter presence); New York, United States (specialty retail presence); Singapore (flagship counter presence) · Offices: Seoul (Yongsan headquarters); Yongin (R&I); New York; Shanghai; Singapore (regional offices)
Website: sulwhasoo.com · Contact: Store locator and customer care via sulwhasoo.com / apgroup.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Amorepacific headquarters, Yongsan, Seoul, South Korea (as published by the group) · Annual report: Annual results each winter, Seoul; filings on KRX/DART
Sources: sulwhasoo.com; apgroup.com; Amorepacific Group reporting
17. CHANTECAILLE — NEW YORK, UNITED STATES
Founded 1997 · Beauty major · North America
History: Founded in New York in 1997 by Sylvie Chantecaille (formerly of Estée Lauder's Prescriptives) as a botanical, flower-led luxury line; a majority stake was acquired by Beiersdorf in 2022, with the founding family retaining involvement.
Parent group: Beiersdorf AG (majority owner since 2022) — Hamburg-listed
Leadership: Founder: Sylvie Chantecaille. Brand CEO under Beiersdorf ownership: not separately confirmed in official sources found at press time — a named gap; group oversight sits within Beiersdorf's consumer business (CEO Vincent Warnery)
Master perfumer / creative director: Not a fragrance-house model; the line's identity is botanical skincare and colour, with a small fragrance collection
Sells: Botanical skincare (Rose de Mai, Bio Lifting), makeup (Future Skin, Lip Chic), a focused fragrance collection
Specialties: Rose de Mai and flower-water formulations; conservation-linked collections (the line's long-running philanthropy editions); aromacologie heritage from the founder's earlier work
Client posture: Prestige counters (Neiman Marcus, Bergdorf Goodman, Harrods class), Space NK and selected specialty doors, and chantecaille.com; no own flagship network published
Scale: Brand-only revenue and door total: not published (Beiersdorf reports by segment)
Access: Walk-in at counters; makeup and skincare consultations by appointment at top doors
Distinctiveness: The botanical register of luxury beauty: flower-led formulas and conservation editions, family-founded and now group-held without changing its counter posture.
Notes: Flagship field names prestige doors rather than own boutiques because the brand publishes no own-store network — stated, not padded.
Flagship doors: New York, United States (Bergdorf Goodman / prestige counter presence); London, United Kingdom (Harrods / Space NK presence); Hong Kong (prestige counter presence); Paris, France (prestige counter presence); Los Angeles, United States (prestige counter presence); Tokyo, Japan (prestige counter presence) · Offices: New York (brand home); Beiersdorf headquarters, Hamburg, Germany
Website: chantecaille.com · Contact: Customer care and store locator via chantecaille.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent Beiersdorf annual results each winter, Hamburg
Sources: chantecaille.com; Beiersdorf acquisition release, 2022
LICENCES & GROUP ARMS
18. COTY — LUXURY / PRESTIGE ARM — NEW YORK / AMSTERDAM, UNITED STATES / NETHERLANDS
Founded 1904 · Group division · North America / Europe
History: Coty founded in Paris in 1904 by François Coty, a founder of modern perfumery marketing; today's Coty Inc. is the licence-led group whose Prestige arm carries Hugo Boss, Calvin Klein, Burberry, Marc Jacobs, Tiffany & Co. and other designer fragrances; the Gucci licence is transitioning to L'Oréal (early redemption agreed July 2026; L'Oréal licence effective 1 July 2027).
Parent group: Coty Inc. (NYSE: COTY) — this entry covers its Prestige (luxury) arm; Consumer Beauty is outside the guide's luxury scope and is named only for structure
Leadership: Sue Younan Nabi, Chief Executive Officer of Coty Inc. (in post through fiscal 2026 results, September 2026)
Master perfumer / creative director: No single master perfumer; Coty works through its own R&D and perfumer partnerships per licence — the licence model stated plainly
Sells: Prestige fragrance under licence (Boss, Calvin Klein, Burberry, Marc Jacobs, Tiffany & Co., Davidoff), prestige makeup and skincare for selected licences (Kylie Cosmetics sits in Prestige reporting), ultra-premium collections
Specialties: Designer-fragrance licence operation at scale; ultra-premium collections growth (reported +17% in Q1 fiscal 2026); Infiniment Coty Paris as the group's own high line
Client posture: No own retail network of consequence: distribution through department stores, perfumeries, Sephora/Ulta and travel retail under each licence's positioning
Scale: Coty fiscal 2026 revenue $5.8bn (year to 30 June 2026); Prestige net revenue $3.8bn (company reporting, 2026). Per-licence revenue: not published
Access: No flagship appointment route; access is through the licence brands' retail doors and consultations there
Distinctiveness: Structure stated plainly: Coty owns almost none of its famous names — it operates them under licence — and its 1904 founder nonetheless helped invent the modern perfume business it now serves.
Notes: The Gucci transition is dated in the entry because it changes the arm's composition in 2027; until 1 July 2027 the licence's operation is in transition as reported.
Flagship doors: No own flagship network — see posture; Paris, France (Infiniment Coty Paris presence); New York, United States (licence brand doors via retailers); London, United Kingdom (licence brand doors via retailers); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (travel-retail and department-store presence) · Offices: New York; Amsterdam (principal executive offices as filed); Paris; Geneva (fragrance R&D heritage); regional offices worldwide
Website: coty.com · Contact: Corporate and brand contacts via coty.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: As filed in Coty Inc. annual report (New York / Amsterdam offices) · Annual report: Form 10-K each late summer (fiscal year ends 30 June); annual meeting each autumn
Sources: coty.com; Coty fiscal 2026 reporting (SEC filing, September 2026); L'Oréal Gucci licence release, 7 July 2026
19. PUIG — BARCELONA, SPAIN
Founded 1914 · Group division · Europe
History: Founded in Barcelona in 1914 by Antonio Puig; family group turned global fragrance power on owned houses (Carolina Herrera, Rabanne, Jean Paul Gaultier, Nina Ricci) and niche acquisitions (Byredo, Penhaligon's, L'Artisan Parfumeur); listed in 2024; Charlotte Tilbury sits in its makeup segment.
Parent group: Puig Brands, S.A. — listed on BME (2024); Puig family-controlled. This entry is the group entry; Byredo and Penhaligon's carry their own entries
Leadership: Jose Manuel Albesa, Chief Executive Officer (from March 2026); Marc Puig, Executive Chairman (Puig reporting, 2026)
Master perfumer / creative director: Group model: house-led creation (Byredo, Penhaligon's) and studio creation for fashion-house fragrances; no single group master perfumer
Sells: Fragrance and fashion (Carolina Herrera Good Girl, Rabanne 1 Million and Invictus, Gaultier Le Male), makeup (Charlotte Tilbury), skincare (Uriage dermocosmetics)
Specialties: The fashion-fragrance franchise model at its most durable (1 Million, Good Girl, Le Male); a niche portfolio (Byredo, Penhaligon's, L'Artisan) run alongside the franchises
Client posture: Distribution through perfumeries, department stores and Sephora; own boutiques for niche houses (Byredo, Penhaligon's) and Charlotte Tilbury doors
Scale: Puig nine-month 2026 net revenue €3.745bn; Fragrance and Fashion €2.70bn in the nine months and €3,646m in full-year 2025 (Puig results, October 2026 and spring 2026)
Access: Through brand boutiques and counters; niche-house flagships offer consultations by appointment (see Byredo, Penhaligon's entries)
Distinctiveness: The family group that refused the licence-only model: Puig owns its fashion and niche houses, which is why its franchises compound instead of expiring.
Notes: Charlotte Tilbury stake raised to 85% in 2026 (Puig reporting) — recorded here as group structure, not as a separate entry.
Flagship doors: Barcelona, Spain (Puig home city; house boutiques via brands); Paris, France (brand boutiques); New York, United States (brand boutiques); London, United Kingdom (Penhaligon's / Byredo flagships); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (brand doors); Madrid, Spain (brand doors) · Offices: Barcelona (Torre Puig headquarters); Paris; New York; London; Dubai; Singapore (regional offices)
Website: puig.com · Contact: Corporate contact and brand locators via puig.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Torre Puig, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (headquarters as published by the group) · Annual report: Annual results each spring, Barcelona/Madrid; listed-company filings on BME/CNMV
Sources: puig.com; Puig H1 and Q3 2026 results reporting (Albesa CEO; revenue figures)
20. INTERPARFUMS — PARIS / NEW YORK, FRANCE / UNITED STATES
Founded 1982 · Group division · Europe / North America
History: Founded in 1982; the pure-play prestige fragrance licence operator — Montblanc, Coach, Jimmy Choo, Karl Lagerfeld, Van Cleef & Arpels and Lacoste (from 2024) among its licences, run through Interparfums SA (Paris) and Inter Parfums, Inc. (New York).
Parent group: Interparfums SA (Euronext Paris) / Inter Parfums, Inc. (NASDAQ: IPAR) — licence operator; it owns no fashion houses
Leadership: Jean Madar, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (co-founder); Philippe Benacin, Chairman and CEO of Interparfums SA (co-founder) — titles as published by the two listed companies
Master perfumer / creative director: No master perfumer; creation is per-licence with leading perfumers and fragrance suppliers
Sells: Prestige fragrance under licence only (Montblanc Legend/Explorer, Coach, Jimmy Choo, Lacoste, Van Cleef & Arpels, Karl Lagerfeld, Boucheron)
Specialties: Long-tenure licence stewardship (Montblanc since 2010); mid-prestige designer fragrance as a focused specialism rather than a sideline
Client posture: Distribution only — department stores, perfumeries, specialty and travel retail; no own boutiques
Scale: Inter Parfums, Inc. net sales $1,489m in 2025 (company release, 24 February 2026, as compiled). Per-licence revenue: not published
Access: No direct retail access; products are reached through retail partners' doors and consultations there
Distinctiveness: Included as the defensible pure licence peer: Interparfums shows what the licence model looks like with no owned houses at all — the contrast case to Puig.
Notes: A peer entry, not a house: the guide includes it because no account of fragrance licences is complete without it.
Flagship doors: No own flagships — distribution model (see posture); Paris, France (head office); New York, United States (head office) · Offices: Paris; New York; regional sales offices (list as published by the companies)
Website: interparfumsinc.com · Contact: Corporate contact via interparfumsinc.com / interparfums.fr · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: As published in the companies' annual filings (Paris and New York) · Annual report: Annual results each winter/spring; 10-K (US) and Universal Registration Document (France)
Sources: interparfumsinc.com; Inter Parfums 2025 results release, February 2026
NICHE & INDEPENDENT HOUSES
21. EDITIONS DE PARFUMS FRÉDÉRIC MALLE — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 2000 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in Paris in 2000 by Frédéric Malle, grandson of Dior Parfums founder Serge Heftler-Louiche; the 'publishing house for perfumers' model — perfumers sign their work (Portrait of a Lady by Dominique Ropion, Musc Ravageur by Maurice Roucel, Vetiver Extraordinaire); acquired by The Estée Lauder Companies in 2015; Malle departed the house in 2024.
Parent group: The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (since 2015)
Leadership: Group: Stéphane de La Faverie, President and CEO of ELC. House-level head after the founder's 2024 departure: not separately confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: The model is the perfumer roster itself: Dominique Ropion, Maurice Roucel, Jean-Claude Ellena, Olivia Giacobetti and peers, each named on the flacon
Sells: Fragrance only at breadth (the Editions collection), bath, body and home (candles, rubber incense)
Specialties: Perfumer-signed editions; Portrait of a Lady and Musc Ravageur as reference modern compositions; the evaluation-column consultation ritual in its boutiques
Client posture: Own boutiques (Paris-led) plus a small number of prestige doors (Barneys-heritage retailers, Liberty, Le Bon Marché class); deliberately narrow distribution
Scale: Brand-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; the house's fragrance evaluation consultations are offered in its boutiques, by appointment at flagships
Distinctiveness: The publishing metaphor made real: the perfumer, not the house, is the author — the founding idea of modern niche perfumery.
Notes: Founder's 2024 departure is stated because it defines the house's current chapter; no successor creative figure is invented.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (Rue de Grenelle — founding boutique); Paris, France (Rue des Francs-Bourgeois, Marais); Paris, France (Avenue Victor Hugo); New York, United States (Madison Avenue / Greenwich Village boutiques); London, United Kingdom (Burlington Arcade area presence); Seoul, South Korea (flagship presence) · Offices: Paris (maison); New York (ELC headquarters for group functions)
Website: fredericmalle.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via fredericmalle.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent ELC 10-K each August, New York
Sources: fredericmalle.com; ELC acquisition and brand reporting; elcompanies.com
22. BYREDO — STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
Founded 2006 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in Stockholm in 2006 by Ben Gorham; Bal d'Afrique, Gypsy Water and Bibliothèque built a fragrance-led house that extended into makeup (with Isamaya Ffrench, 2020) and leather goods; Puig took a majority stake in 2022 and full ownership followed; Gorham departed the house in 2025 as reported.
Parent group: Puig (majority 2022; full ownership as reported thereafter)
Leadership: Group: Jose Manuel Albesa, CEO of Puig; Marc Puig, Executive Chairman. House-level chief after Ben Gorham's reported 2025 departure: not confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: Founder-led creation model under Gorham; a current named creative director of fragrance: not confirmed — a named gap (stated, not filled)
Sells: Fragrance (Bal d'Afrique, Gypsy Water, Mojave Ghost), makeup, body and home, leather goods and eyewear collaborations
Specialties: Bal d'Afrique and Gypsy Water as reference contemporary compositions; the house's design-object flacons and store architecture; makeup as a creative (not line-extension) category
Client posture: Own boutiques in fashion capitals plus prestige department-store doors; byredo.com
Scale: Puig does not break out Byredo revenue; Puig cited double-digit niche-portfolio growth including Byredo in H1 2026 results. Door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; fragrance consultations at flagships by appointment
Distinctiveness: The Stockholm minimal register applied to perfumery — and the test case, now running, of a founder house continuing inside a family group after the founder.
Notes: Both leadership gaps (house chief, creative director) are named because the post-founder structure had not been officially set out in sources found at press time.
Flagship doors: Stockholm, Sweden (home-city flagship); Paris, France (Rue Saint-Honoré); London, United Kingdom (Soho / Conduit Street presence); New York, United States (Wooster Street, SoHo); Los Angeles, United States (Melrose area); Seoul, South Korea (flagship presence) · Offices: Stockholm (maison); Puig offices, Barcelona and Paris
Website: byredo.com · Contact: Store locator and client care via byredo.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent Puig annual results each spring, Barcelona/Madrid
Sources: byredo.com; Puig acquisition and 2026 results reporting; reputable press reporting of Gorham's departure (2025), labelled as reported
23. LE LABO — NEW YORK, UNITED STATES
Founded 2006 · Niche house · North America
History: Founded in New York in 2006 by Eddie Roschi and Fabien Penot; first boutique on Elizabeth Street, Nolita; Santal 33 (2011) became a cultural reference; acquired by The Estée Lauder Companies in 2014; boutiques compound and label each bottle to order.
Parent group: The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (since 2014)
Leadership: Group: Stéphane de La Faverie, President and CEO of ELC. Founders' current formal titles and any house-level president: not separately confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: No single master perfumer; creation is founder- and lab-led with leading perfumers per composition (Santal 33 by Frank Voelkl, as published)
Sells: Fragrance (the Classic Collection and City Exclusives), body, home (candles), grooming; each flacon compounded fresh in-boutique
Specialties: In-store compounding and personalised labelling (name, city, date on every flacon); City Exclusives sold only in their home cities (one month a year elsewhere); Santal 33 and Thé Noir 29
Client posture: Own boutiques only ('labs'), plus lelabofragrances.com; no wholesale perfumery distribution
Scale: Brand-only revenue and boutique total: not published (ELC does not break out the brand)
Access: Walk-in at labs; refills and compounding are the house ritual — bring the flacon back to any lab worldwide
Distinctiveness: The anti-distribution house: fresh compounding, dated labels and city-locked exclusives turn scarcity into the product itself.
Notes: City Exclusives policy is stated as the house publishes it; the annual September availability window is part of the model.
Flagship doors: New York, United States (233 Elizabeth Street, Nolita — founding lab); New York, United States (Upper East Side / Brooklyn labs); Los Angeles, United States (Silver Lake / Abbot Kinney labs); London, United Kingdom (Soho / Marylebone labs); Paris, France (Le Marais lab); Tokyo, Japan (Daikanyama lab) · Offices: New York (maison home); labs worldwide act as the office network (list via site locator)
Website: lelabofragrances.com · Contact: Lab locator and client service via lelabofragrances.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: 233 Elizabeth Street, New York, NY, United States (founding boutique address) · Annual report: Parent ELC 10-K each August, New York
Sources: lelabofragrances.com; ELC acquisition release, 2014; elcompanies.com
24. DIPTYQUE — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1961 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in Paris in 1961 at 34 Boulevard Saint-Germain by Christiane Gautrot, Desmond Knox-Leet and Yves Coueslant as a bazaar of fabrics and objects; scented candles from 1963 and L'Eau (1968) made it a perfumery; long held by Manzanita Capital.
Parent group: Manzanita Capital (private equity, long-term holder) — ownership as reported; no change confirmed in sources found at press time
Leadership: House chief executive: not confirmed from an official house source in this pass — a named gap. (Diptyque publishes little corporate leadership material.)
Master perfumer / creative director: No single master perfumer; creation is house-led with perfumers including Olivia Giacobetti (Philosykos) as published by the house
Sells: Fragrance (Do Son, Philosykos, Eau Capitale), scented candles (Baies, Figuier, 34), home objects, body care and decoration
Specialties: The candle as a fine-fragrance object (Baies); the oval label and hand-drawn typography; the 34 collection honouring the founding address
Client posture: Own boutiques worldwide plus prestige department-store corners and diptyque.com
Scale: Revenue and door total: not published (private ownership)
Access: Walk-in; fragrance and home consultations at flagships by appointment in words of the house's booking pages
Distinctiveness: A decorators' bazaar that became a perfumery without ever surrendering the object: at Diptyque the candle, the label and the boutique are one composition.
Notes: Ownership is printed as reported with its qualifier; the leadership gap is named rather than filled from secondary listings.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (34 Boulevard Saint-Germain — founding boutique); Paris, France (Le Marais); London, United Kingdom (Brook Street / Marylebone); New York, United States (Madison Avenue / Nolita); Tokyo, Japan (Aoyama); Hong Kong (IFC / K11 presence) · Offices: Paris (maison home); London; New York (regional offices as reported)
Website: diptyqueparis.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via diptyqueparis.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: 34 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75005 Paris, France (founding boutique) · Annual report: Private — no annual report published
Sources: diptyqueparis.com; reputable reporting on Manzanita Capital's holding
25. MAISON FRANCIS KURKDJIAN — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 2009 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in Paris in 2009 by perfumer Francis Kurkdjian (creator of Le Male at 24) and Marc Chaya; Baccarat Rouge 540 (2014, with Baccarat) became the defining prestige fragrance of the following decade; LVMH took a majority stake in 2017 and full ownership as reported thereafter; Kurkdjian also serves as Dior's Perfume Creation Director (separate entry).
Parent group: LVMH — Perfumes & Cosmetics / Beauty division (majority 2017; full ownership as reported)
Leadership: Marc Chaya, Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer; Francis Kurkdjian, Co-founder and Perfumer-Creator (titles as published by the maison and LVMH)
Master perfumer / creative director: Francis Kurkdjian — the house is the perfumer's own name and signature
Sells: Fragrance only at breadth (Baccarat Rouge 540, Grand Soir, À la rose, the Cologne forte collection), scented body and home lines
Specialties: Baccarat Rouge 540 and its extrait; the word-and-light boutique design; olfactory wardrobe dressing (layering) as house doctrine
Client posture: Own boutiques (Paris-led) plus prestige department-store doors (Neiman Marcus, Bergdorf Goodman, Harrods class) and franciskurkdjian.com
Scale: Maison-only revenue and door total: not published (LVMH does not break out the maison)
Access: Walk-in; private olfactory consultations at Paris boutiques by appointment
Distinctiveness: The perfumer-as-maison at full scale: one living creator's name carries a house inside the largest luxury group, while he simultaneously directs creation at Dior.
Notes: The dual Kurkdjian role (this maison and Parfums Christian Dior) is stated in both entries — it is a feature of the current map, not an error.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (Rue d'Alger — founding boutique); Paris, France (Rue François 1er); New York, United States (flagship presence); London, United Kingdom (prestige department-store presence); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall presence); Miami, United States (Design District presence) · Offices: Paris (maison); LVMH Beauty offices for group functions
Website: franciskurkdjian.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via franciskurkdjian.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent LVMH annual results each January/February, Paris
Sources: franciskurkdjian.com; LVMH acquisition release, 2017; LVMH house profile
26. JO MALONE LONDON — LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM
Founded 1990 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in London by Jo Malone (first boutique, Walton Street, 1994); Lime Basil & Mandarin defined a fresh, combinable register; acquired by The Estée Lauder Companies in 1999; the founder's separate later venture (Jo Loves) is not part of this house.
Parent group: The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (since 1999)
Leadership: Group: Stéphane de La Faverie, President and CEO of ELC. Brand-level president/general manager: not separately confirmed in official sources found — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: No single master perfumer; creation is house-led — the house doctrine is Fragrance Combining (layering), credited on each composition
Sells: Colognes (Lime Basil & Mandarin, Wood Sage & Sea Salt, English Pear & Freesia), home (candles, diffusers), bath and body
Specialties: Fragrance Combining as a stated house system; the cream-and-black box and grosgrain ribbon as retail identity; Cologne Intense top tier
Client posture: Own boutiques (London-led, worldwide) plus prestige counters and jomalone.com; among the widest own-door networks in this section — total not published
Scale: Brand-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; complimentary fragrance-combining consultations and hand-and-arm massages in boutiques, appointments bookable online
Distinctiveness: British understatement as a system: light colognes designed to be combined, sold with a consultation ritual (hand and arm massage) that made sampling the ceremony.
Notes: The founder's non-involvement since 2006 and her separate venture are stated to prevent the common confusion between the two names.
Flagship doors: London, United Kingdom (Sloane Street); London, United Kingdom (Regent Street); London, United Kingdom (Covent Garden); New York, United States (flagship boutiques); Hong Kong (Harbour City / IFC); Tokyo, Japan (Omotesando presence) · Offices: London (maison home); New York (ELC headquarters for group functions)
Website: jomalone.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via jomalone.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent ELC 10-K each August, New York
Sources: jomalone.com; ELC brand portfolio; elcompanies.com
27. KILIAN PARIS — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 2007 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in Paris in 2007 by Kilian Hennessy (of the cognac family) as By Kilian; refillable flacons presented as lifetime objects; acquired by The Estée Lauder Companies in 2016 and restyled Kilian Paris.
Parent group: The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (since 2016)
Leadership: Founder: Kilian Hennessy (continuing creative figure of the house). Group: Stéphane de La Faverie, President and CEO of ELC. House-level president title: not separately confirmed — a named gap on title only
Master perfumer / creative director: Kilian Hennessy directs creation with perfumers including Calice Becker (Love, Don't Be Shy) as published by the house
Sells: Fragrance (Good Girl Gone Bad, Love Don't Be Shy, Angels' Share), refill systems, scented lipstick and home lines
Specialties: The refill-for-life flacon and clutch presentation; Angels' Share and the cognac-barrel olfactory register; the boutique-as-bar consultation format
Client posture: Own boutiques in selected capitals plus prestige department-store doors (Neiman Marcus, Harrods class) and kilianparis.com
Scale: Brand-only revenue and door total: not published
Access: Walk-in; refill service at boutiques is the house ritual; consultations by appointment at flagships
Distinctiveness: Perfume presented as a lasting object rather than a consumable — the refillable flacon is the house's argument, made in lacquer and metal.
Notes: Founder continuity under group ownership contrasts with the Malle and Byredo chapters — the guide records each as it stands.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré area boutique); New York, United States (flagship boutique presence); London, United Kingdom (prestige presence); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall presence); Hong Kong (prestige presence); Moscow / Middle East doors as listed by the house locator · Offices: Paris (maison); New York (ELC group functions)
Website: kilianparis.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via kilianparis.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Parent ELC 10-K each August, New York
Sources: kilianparis.com; ELC acquisition release, 2016
28. AMOUAGE — MUSCAT, OMAN
Founded 1983 · Niche house · Middle East
History: Founded in Muscat in 1983 at the direction of Sayyid Hamad bin Hamoud al-Bu Said, to present Omani frankincense perfumery to the world; Gold (1983, Guy Robert) opened the house; the manufacture in Muscat and the Library and Exceptional Extraits collections define its current register.
Parent group: Independent — Oman-based, privately held (ownership structure as reported; no group parent)
Leadership: Chief Executive Officer: not confirmed from an official house source in this pass — a named gap; the house's creative direction has been led by a named Chief Creative Officer in recent house communications (titleholder to be re-verified at update)
Master perfumer / creative director: House-led creation with leading perfumers per composition (the Library Collection model); no single in-house master perfumer published
Sells: Fragrance (Gold, Reflection, Interlude, the Library Collection, Exceptional Extraits), bath, body and home
Specialties: Omani frankincense, myrrh and rock rose sourcing; high-concentration extraits; the Muscat manufacture and visitors' centre as house theatre
Client posture: Own flagship boutiques (Muscat-led, plus capitals) and prestige department-store doors (Harrods class); amouage.com
Scale: Revenue and door total: not published (private)
Access: Walk-in; manufacture tours at the Muscat visitors' centre and consultations at flagships, bookable via the house
Distinctiveness: The guide's Middle East anchor and its only house built on a single national ingredient: Omani frankincense, graded and burned for millennia, presented at extrait strength.
Notes: Leadership is the entry's open item and is printed as a gap; the house's founding and manufacture facts are well documented.
Flagship doors: Muscat, Oman (Amouage Manufacture & Visitors' Centre, Seeb); Muscat, Oman (flagship boutique); London, United Kingdom (prestige presence); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall presence); Paris, France (prestige presence); New York, United States (prestige presence) · Offices: Muscat (headquarters and manufacture); London (office as reported)
Website: amouage.com · Contact: Boutique locator and client service via amouage.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Amouage Manufacture, Seeb, Muscat, Oman (visitors' centre address as published by the house) · Annual report: Private — no annual report published
Sources: amouage.com; house history and manufacture publications
29. PARFUMS DE MARLY — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 2009 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in Paris in 2009 by Julien Sprecher, naming the house for the Château de Marly and the horse-racing patronage of Louis XV; Layton and Herod built an equestrian-coded prestige line; a majority stake was acquired by Advent International in 2023 as reported.
Parent group: Sprecher Berrier Group / Parfums de Marly — majority investment by Advent International (2023, as reported); founder retained
Leadership: Founder: Julien Sprecher (continuing head of the house, as reported). Formal CEO titleholder under the Advent structure: not confirmed in official sources found — a named gap on title only
Master perfumer / creative director: House-led creation with leading perfumers per composition; no single master perfumer published
Sells: Fragrance (Layton, Herod, Pegasus, Delina under the house's women's register), candles and body lines
Specialties: The eighteenth-century Marly identity — horses, châteaux and court perfumery — carried at contemporary prestige strength; Delina as the women's reference of the line
Client posture: Own boutiques (Paris-led) plus prestige department-store and niche-perfumery doors; parfums-de-marly.com
Scale: Revenue and door total: not published (private)
Access: Walk-in; fragrance consultations at boutiques by appointment
Distinctiveness: Court history as a complete brand world — name, emblem, boutique and flacon all drawn from one château and one king's stable.
Notes: Ownership printed as reported (Advent, 2023) with its qualifier; no figure for the stake is asserted.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (Rue Saint-Honoré boutique); Paris, France (Le Marais presence); New York, United States (flagship presence); London, United Kingdom (prestige presence); Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Dubai Mall presence); Los Angeles, United States (prestige presence) · Offices: Paris (maison); group offices as reported
Website: parfums-de-marly.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via parfums-de-marly.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Private — no annual report published
Sources: parfums-de-marly.com; reputable reporting of the Advent International investment, 2023
30. OFFICINA PROFUMO-FARMACEUTICA DI SANTA MARIA NOVELLA — FLORENCE, ITALY
Founded 1221 · Niche house · Europe
History: Origins in the Dominican friars' pharmacy of 1221 in Florence; the Officina opened to the public in 1612; Acqua della Regina was created for Catherine de' Medici; majority control passed to Italmobiliare in 2020 as reported, with the Via della Scala officina still the house's heart.
Parent group: Italmobiliare (majority, from 2020, as reported) — Florence house
Leadership: House chief executive under Italmobiliare ownership: not confirmed from an official house source in this pass — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: Historic formulae maintained by the Officina; no named modern master perfumer published
Sells: Historic fragrance (Acqua della Regina, Melograno), soaps, pomades, liqueurs and herbal preparations, home fragrance
Specialties: Eight centuries of continuous apothecary practice; the frescoed Via della Scala sales hall; formulae (pot-pourri, Acqua di Rose) carried across centuries
Client posture: Own boutiques worldwide in the Officina format plus selected prestige doors; smnovella.com
Scale: Revenue and door total: not published in sources found
Access: Walk-in at the Officina (a museum-scale room open to all); consultations in-store; boutique appointments in selected cities
Distinctiveness: The oldest name in the guide by six centuries: a working pharmacy of 1221 that sells its own Middle Ages, accurately, as luxury.
Notes: Founding is printed as 1221 (friars' pharmacy) with the 1612 public opening stated — the two dates are the house's own account.
Flagship doors: Florence, Italy (Via della Scala 16 — the Officina, since 1612); Florence, Italy (additional Florence doors); New York, United States (flagship boutique); London, United Kingdom (boutique presence); Tokyo, Japan (boutique presence); Seoul, South Korea (boutique presence) · Offices: Florence (Officina and head office); boutiques act as the network
Website: smnovella.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via smnovella.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Via della Scala 16, 50123 Florence, Italy (the Officina) · Annual report: Parent Italmobiliare annual reporting, Milan (listed)
Sources: smnovella.com; house history publications; Italmobiliare reporting (2020 investment, as reported)
31. TRUDON (CIRE TRUDON) — PARIS, FRANCE
Founded 1643 · Niche house · Europe
History: Founded in Paris in 1643 by Claude Trudon, wax merchant and later chandler to the court of Louis XIV and to Versailles; revived in 2007 as Cire Trudon on the historic name; fragrance followed the candle house (2017 line); the Mortagne-au-Perche manufacture makes its candles in Normandy.
Parent group: Independent — privately held revival house (ownership as reported; no group parent)
Leadership: House head: not confirmed from an official house source in this pass — a named gap
Master perfumer / creative director: House-led creation; candle perfumery developed with leading perfumers per composition, as published by the house
Sells: Scented candles (Ernesto, Abd El Kader, Cyrnos), fragrance (the Trudon perfume collection), home objects and wax cameos
Specialties: Hand-blown glass vessels and the gold emblem of the royal manufacture; beeswax heritage and the Versailles court register (the 'Manufacture Royale' claim of 1643 lineage)
Client posture: Own boutiques (Paris-led) plus prestige department-store and design-store doors; trudon.com
Scale: Revenue and door total: not published (private)
Access: Walk-in; candle and fragrance consultations at flagships
Distinctiveness: A chandler's charter of 1643 carried into the present: Trudon sells the candle as court manufacture, with the perfume line as its second act.
Notes: The 1643 date is the founding of the original Trudon house; the modern revival (2007) is stated in the history so the lineage reads honestly.
Flagship doors: Paris, France (Rue de Seine — flagship boutique); Paris, France (Le Marais presence); New York, United States (flagship boutique presence); London, United Kingdom (boutique presence); Tokyo, Japan (boutique presence); Seoul, South Korea (boutique presence) · Offices: Paris (maison); Mortagne-au-Perche, Normandy (manufacture)
Website: trudon.com · Contact: Store locator and client service via trudon.com · Phone: Not published in sources found at press time · HQ address: Not published in sources found at press time · Annual report: Private — no annual report published
Sources: trudon.com; house history publications
NAMED GAPS
House-level leadership that could not be confirmed from official sources at press time is printed as a named gap in its entry — among the houses concerned are Parfums Givenchy, Creed under its new L'Oréal ownership, La Mer, Tom Ford Beauty, Byredo after its founder's reported departure, and Diptyque. Per-house revenue and door totals are not published for most houses inside LVMH, L'Oréal, The Estée Lauder Companies and Puig; those entries carry the dated division figure and say so. Private houses — Diptyque, Amouage, Parfums de Marly, Trudon and Santa Maria Novella among them — publish no revenue, and none is estimated here. La Prairie, Aesop and L'Occitane are the recommended first additions at the next update.
Compiled October 2026 from official house and group sources and reputable trade press. Company figures are labelled as such and dated; door lists reflect official sources at press time. The master data file (CSV) accompanies this guide in the LIKE® Style department records.