The modern world is dug before it is built: every railway, battery, turbine and data centre begins in a pit, a shaft or a stope owned, in the main, by the twenty-five companies in this guide. They include the houses that move a third of the world's seaborne iron ore from the Pilbara and Carajás; the copper majors of Chile, Peru, the Congo and Arizona on whom electrification depends; the gold producers of Nevada, Ontario, Ghana and Western Australia; and the coal companies whose tonnages still light half of Asia. This guide maps them all — who runs each company in October 2026 and with what exact title, what it digs and where, how large it is on a dated and sourced figure, and how it may be reached — with every gap named.
Two stories run through the edition. In London and Vancouver, Anglo American and Teck Resources are becoming Anglo Teck — a merger announced in September 2025 that, at press time, awaited only China's antitrust approval, with completion expected by March 2027; both companies therefore appear, accurately, as the separate houses they still are. And in Toronto, Barrick Gold became Barrick Mining in May 2025, changed its chief executive that September, and set about listing its North American gold assets — a reminder that in mining, as in the ground itself, nothing stands still for long.
DIVERSIFIED MAJOR
1. BHP GROUP — MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
Founded 1885 (Broken Hill Proprietary Company, Broken Hill, Australia); BHP Billiton formed 2001 by merger with Billiton; unified as BHP Group in 2022 · Diversified major
Leader: Brandon Craig, Chief Executive Officer (from 1 July 2026; succeeded Mike Henry, who retired as CEO on 30 June 2026 after more than six years in the role — BHP announcement, 18 March 2026, and BHP 2026 AGM addresses) Chair: Ross McEwan, Chair (from 31 March 2025; succeeded Ken MacKenzie)
Leadership: Executive Leadership Team as published by BHP: the CEO, CFO, Chief Commercial Officer, Chief Technical Officer, Chief People Officer, Group General Counsel and Company Secretary, and the Presidents of Minerals Australia, Minerals Americas and Potash. Brandon Craig joined BHP 27 years before taking the CEO role and had worked at each of its major operations in Australia and the Americas (BHP 2026 AGM addresses). Chief Legal Officer and Group Company Secretary: Stefanie Wilkinson (named in BHP's 2026 CEO-succession release); Chief Commercial Officer: Rag Udd; Chief Technical Officer: Johan van Jaarsveld; Chief People Officer: Emma Howell (titles as published on bhp.com leadership pages, October 2026)
Business: Iron ore mining (Western Australia Iron Ore); copper mining and refining (Escondida and Pampa Norte, Chile; Olympic Dam and Prominent Hill/Carrapateena, South Australia); metallurgical coal (BHP Mitsubishi Alliance, Queensland); potash development (Jansen, Saskatchewan); nickel was placed on care and maintenance at Nickel West (2024) and is under review.
Customers: Steelmakers in China, Japan, Korea and India (iron ore and metallurgical coal, sold under term contracts and index-linked spot sales); copper smelters, refiners and cathode buyers worldwide; published customer categories only — individual contract lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$51.3 billion, FY2025 (year ended 30 June 2025), BHP Annual Report 2025; FY2026 results and the 2026 AGM (October 2026) reported total FY2026 dividends of about A$2.40 per share (US$8.7 billion)
Commodities & flagship mines: Iron ore — 263 Mt production, FY2025 (BHP share basis, Annual Report 2025); copper — 2.02 Mt, FY2025, a company record; metallurgical coal (BMA) and energy coal (NSW); potash in development (Jansen Stage 1 first production targeted mid-2027) Flagship mines: Escondida (Chile, 57.5% — the world's largest copper mine); Western Australia Iron Ore: Jimblebar, Mining Area C, Newman and Yandi (Australia); Olympic Dam (Australia); Pampa Norte — Spence and Cerro Colorado (Chile); Antamina (Peru, 33.75%); Samarco (Brazil, 50%); Jansen potash project (Canada)
Footprint: Australia, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Canada and the United States (exploration and legacy); principal operations in Australia and the Americas Headquarters: 171 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia (BHP's published global headquarters)
Structure: Widely held public company; dual-listed structure unified in 2022 under BHP Group Limited (ASX: BHP; LSE: BHP; NYSE: BHP). No controlling shareholder. President / COO: No President or COO title is published at group level; operations are led by the Presidents of BHP's regional businesses (Australia and the Americas) within the Executive Leadership Team — stated plainly CFO: Vandita Pant, Chief Financial Officer
Website: bhp.com · Contact: Not published — BHP routes enquiries through bhp.com contact and investor-relations forms; no general email is published Phone: +61 3 9609 3333 (Melbourne head office, as published by BHP) Access: Investor relations, media and supplier entry via bhp.com (Investors / Contact pages); careers via bhp.com/careers; no published general email
The world's largest listed mining company by market value for most of the past decade; operator of Escondida and of the Pilbara's lowest-cost iron-ore system; the 2026 Craig succession was an internal, board-run process completed without an interim. CEO transition verified to October 2026: Mike Henry served to 30 June 2026 and supports the transition to 30 November 2026 (BHP succession release). BHP's 2024 approach for Anglo American lapsed in May 2024 and is not treated as live.
Sources: BHP Annual Report 2025 and Operational Review FY2025 (bhp.com); BHP release 'Brandon Craig to succeed Mike Henry as BHP CEO', 18 Mar 2026; BHP 2026 AGM addresses, Oct 2026; bhp.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
2. RIO TINTO — LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM
Founded 1873 (Rio Tinto Company, to work the ancient Rio Tinto mines at Huelva, Spain) · Diversified major
Leader: Simon Trott, Chief Executive (from 25 August 2025; succeeded Jakob Stausholm — Rio Tinto board announcement, July 2025; Trott previously led the Iron Ore business) Chair: Dominic Barton, Chair
Leadership: Executive Committee as published by Rio Tinto: the Chief Executive, CFO, the product-group chief executives (Iron Ore, Aluminium, Copper, Minerals), Chief Commercial Officer, Chief People Officer, Chief Legal Officer and the head of Strategy & Sustainability. Full named roster is published at riotinto.com/about/leadership. Chief Executive, Iron Ore: Matthew Holcz (from 2025); Chief Executive, Copper: Katie Jackson; Chief Executive, Aluminium: Jérôme Pécresse; Chief Executive, Lithium (Rio Tinto Lithium): the Arcadium business integrated under the Minerals/Lithium leadership published on riotinto.com; Chief Legal Officer and Company Secretary roles as published on riotinto.com (October 2026)
Business: Iron ore (Pilbara, Australia; Simandou, Guinea, in ramp-up); aluminium (bauxite, alumina, smelting — Canada and Australia); copper (Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia; Kennecott, USA; Escondida minority, Chile); lithium (Arcadium assets — Argentina, Australia, Canada, USA); diamonds (Diavik, Canada, closing phase); titanium dioxide, borates and iron-ore pellets (Canada, South Africa, Madagascar).
Customers: Steelmakers in China, Japan and Korea (Pilbara Blend iron ore under term and spot sales); aluminium and copper smelters, refiners and industrial buyers; lithium chemical and battery-chain customers under Arcadium's published offtake arrangements; individual contract lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$53.7 billion, calendar 2024 (Rio Tinto Annual Report 2024); 2025 results were scheduled after the 2024 annual-report basis carried here — see Named Gaps
Commodities & flagship mines: Pilbara iron ore shipments 328.6 Mt in 2024 (100% basis, Rio Tinto 2024 production report); mined copper 697 kt in 2024 (Rio Tinto share); aluminium 3.3 Mt in 2024; lithium carbonate equivalent production from Arcadium assets from March 2025 (dated in Rio Tinto's 2025 releases) Flagship mines: Pilbara iron ore system — Tom Price, Paraburdoo, Robe River, Hope Downs and Western Range (Australia); Oyu Tolgoi (Mongolia, 66%); Kennecott / Bingham Canyon (USA); Simandou Blocks 3 & 4 (Guinea, with Chalco and Baowu partners); Weipa bauxite and Yarwun alumina (Australia); Fenix and Olaroz lithium (Argentina)
Footprint: Australia, Mongolia, Guinea, Canada, the United States, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, Madagascar, Iceland and New Zealand (smelters), Serbia (Jadar, suspended) and Peru (exploration) Headquarters: 6 St James's Square, London SW1Y 4AD, United Kingdom (Rio Tinto plc registered office, as published)
Structure: Widely held; dual-listed company (Rio Tinto plc, LSE/NYSE: RIO; Rio Tinto Limited, ASX: RIO) operating as one economic group. Chinalco is the largest single shareholder (about 14.5% of the combined group). President / COO: No President or group COO title is published; product-group chief executives (Iron Ore, Aluminium, Copper, Minerals/Lithium) sit on the Executive Committee — stated plainly CFO: Peter Cunningham, Chief Financial Officer
Website: riotinto.com · Contact: Not published — Rio Tinto routes enquiries through riotinto.com contact pages; no general email is published Phone: +44 20 7781 2000 (London head office, as published by Rio Tinto) Access: Investor relations and media via riotinto.com; supplier entry via Rio Tinto Procurement pages; no published general email
The only major to run tier-one iron ore, copper growth (Oyu Tolgoi underground), aluminium and — since Arcadium — lithium at scale in one house; Simandou is the largest new iron-ore development in a generation. Chief Executive succession verified: Simon Trott took office 25 August 2025. Simandou first ore was reported in late 2025; ramp-up figures are carried only on the dated basis stated in-cell.
Sources: Rio Tinto Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production report (riotinto.com); Rio Tinto announcement of Simon Trott's appointment as Chief Executive, Jul 2025 (effective 25 Aug 2025); riotinto.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
3. GLENCORE — BAAR, SWITZERLAND
Founded 1974 (Marc Rich & Co, Zug, Switzerland); renamed Glencore in 1994 · Diversified major
Leader: Gary Nagle, Chief Executive Officer (since July 2021; succeeded Ivan Glasenberg) Chair: Kalidas Madhavpeddi, Chair (since July 2021)
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Glencore: CEO Gary Nagle, CFO Steven Kalmin, General Counsel Shaun Teichner, and the heads of the copper, zinc, nickel, ferroalloys, coal, agriculture (Viterra interest) and energy marketing and industrial departments, listed at glencore.com/about/leadership. Head of Industrial Assets and department heads for copper, zinc, nickel, ferroalloys, coal and oil marketing are published on glencore.com; Glencore does not publish a conventional full C-suite roster beyond the CEO, CFO and General Counsel — stated plainly
Business: Mining and smelting of copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, ferrochrome and vanadium; coal mining (thermal and steelmaking — Australia, South Africa, Colombia and, from 2024, Elk Valley in Canada); oil and commodity marketing and logistics — one of the world's largest commodity traders alongside its mines.
Customers: Smelters, refiners, steelmakers, power utilities and industrial consumers worldwide, served substantially through Glencore's own marketing business; published customer categories only — counterparty lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$230.9 billion, calendar 2024 (Glencore Annual Report 2024) — the largest revenue in this guide, reflecting its marketing (trading) turnover as well as mining
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 952 kt in 2024 (own-sourced, Glencore 2024 production report); zinc 905 kt; nickel 82 kt; cobalt 38 kt; coal production 99.6 Mt in 2024 including Elk Valley steelmaking coal from July 2024 Flagship mines: Katanga Mining / Kamoto and Mutanda (DR Congo — copper-cobalt); Mopani (Zambia, majority sold 2024 — minority retained, see Notes); Collahuasi (Chile, 44%); Antamina (Peru, 33.75%); Koniambo and Raglan (Canada nickel); Mount Isa and Ernest Henry (Australia); Elk Valley steelmaking coal (Canada); Cerrejón (Colombia, 100%) and Prodeco (Colombia, care and maintenance)
Footprint: Canada, Chile, Peru, DR Congo, Zambia, Kazakhstan, Australia, South Africa, Colombia, Norway, the United Kingdom and the Philippines (smelters and refineries), with marketing offices in more than 35 countries Headquarters: Baarermattstrasse 3, 6340 Baar, Switzerland (Glencore's published head office)
Structure: Widely held public company (LSE: GLEN; JSE: GLN). The Qatar Investment Authority and CEO Gary Nagle are among the largest shareholders; no controlling shareholder. President / COO: No President or COO title is published; the group is run through heads of its industrial departments (Metals & Minerals, Energy, Coal) and marketing — stated plainly CFO: Steven Kalmin, Chief Financial Officer
Website: glencore.com · Contact: Not published — Glencore routes enquiries through glencore.com contact pages; investor relations contacts are named on the site, no general email is published Phone: +41 41 709 2000 (Baar head office, as published by Glencore) Access: Investor relations, media and supplier entry via glencore.com; industrial-asset contacts are published asset by asset; no published general email
The trader-miner: the only entry whose marketing book rivals its mines, and — after Elk Valley — the pivot of the world steelmaking-coal trade; its copper-cobalt position in the DR Congo is unmatched among Western-listed majors. Mopani: Glencore sold a 51% stake to International Resources Holding (UAE) in 2024 and retains a minority interest — carried as such. Glencore's coal is treated here and in the Coal category introduction, not as a separate row.
Sources: Glencore Annual Report 2024 and Full Year 2024 Production Report (glencore.com); Glencore completion release for the Elk Valley Resources acquisition, Jul 2024; glencore.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
4. ANGLO AMERICAN — LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM
Founded 1917 (Anglo American Corporation of South Africa, Johannesburg, founded by Sir Ernest Oppenheimer) · Diversified major
Leader: Duncan Wanblad, Chief Executive (since April 2022; succeeded Mark Cutifani) Chair: Stuart Chambers, Chair
Leadership: Group Management Committee as published at angloamerican.com/about-us/leadership: the Chief Executive, Finance Director, and the heads of Copper, Iron Ore, Diamonds (De Beers), Crop Nutrients, Technical, Strategy, People & Organisation and Legal & Corporate Affairs. Group Management Committee members as published by Anglo American include the chief executives of Copper (Patricio Hidalgo), Kumba Iron Ore and the Technical & Operations and Strategy functions; a conventional full C-suite roster beyond the published committee is Not published — stated plainly
Business: Copper (Chile and Peru); premium iron ore (Kumba, South Africa, and Minas-Rio, Brazil); diamonds through De Beers (held for separation); nickel and steelmaking coal (both under agreed sales at October 2026); platinum group metals until the Valterra Platinum demerger (completed 2025); polyhalite crop nutrients (Woodsmith, United Kingdom, in development).
Customers: Copper smelters and refiners in Asia and Europe; steelmakers buying premium lump and pellet feed (Kumba and Minas-Rio); diamond manufacturers and retailers through De Beers' sightholder system; published categories only — contract lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$27.3 billion, calendar 2024 (Anglo American Annual Report 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 773 kt in 2024; iron ore 60.8 Mt in 2024 (Kumba and Minas-Rio); Q3 2026 copper production 174.9 kt and premium iron ore 13.8 Mt (Anglo American production report for the quarter ended 30 September 2026, published 20 October 2026) Flagship mines: Collahuasi (Chile, 44%); Los Bronces (Chile); El Soldado (Chile); Quellaveco (Peru, 60%); Kumba — Sishen and Kolomela (South Africa); Minas-Rio (Brazil); De Beers' Venetia (South Africa) and Jwaneng and Orapa (Botswana, Debswana 50%); Woodsmith polyhalite (United Kingdom)
Footprint: Chile, Peru, Brazil, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, the United Kingdom, Australia (steelmaking coal, under sale) and Canada (exploration and the proposed Teck combination) Headquarters: 17 Charterhouse Street, London EC1N 6RA, United Kingdom (Anglo American's published global headquarters)
Structure: Widely held public company (LSE: AAL; JSE: AGL). No controlling shareholder; Public Investment Corporation (South Africa) is a significant holder. President / COO: No President or COO title is published; business-unit chief executives (Copper, Iron Ore, De Beers, Platinum Group Metals until demerger) sit on the Group Management Committee — stated plainly CFO: John Heasley, Finance Director (Chief Financial Officer)
Website: angloamerican.com · Contact: Not published — Anglo American routes enquiries through angloamerican.com contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: +44 20 7968 8888 (London head office, as published by Anglo American) Access: Investor relations and media via angloamerican.com; supplier entry via its Responsible Sourcing pages; no published general email
A house in mid-metamorphosis: by October 2026 it had demerged platinum, agreed coal and nickel sales and was becoming the copper-and-premium-iron-ore company that will anchor Anglo Teck. TECK MERGER — VERIFIED STATUS, OCTOBER 2026: the merger of equals with Teck Resources to form Anglo Teck (announced 9 September 2025; Anglo American shareholders to hold about 62.4% and Teck shareholders about 37.6% of the combined group, headquartered in Vancouver with primary listing in London) had NOT completed at October 2026. Anglo American's Q3 2026 production report (20 October 2026) states integration planning is at an advanced stage, engagement with China's antitrust regulator (SAMR) — the final outstanding regulatory milestone — is continuing, and expected completion by March 2027 is unchanged. Teck is therefore carried as a separate entry in this guide. Steelmaking coal: sale to Dhilmar for up to US$3.875 billion on track to complete by Q1 2027 (same report); the earlier Peabody transaction did not proceed.
Sources: Anglo American Annual Report 2024; Anglo American / Teck merger announcement, 9 Sep 2025; Anglo American production report for Q3 2026 (quarter ended 30 Sep 2026), 20 Oct 2026; angloamerican.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
5. ZIJIN MINING GROUP — SHANGHANG, FUJIAN, CHINA
Founded 1986 (as the Shanghang County Mining Company, Fujian, China; Zijinshan gold mine development from 1993) · Diversified major
Leader: Zou Laichang, President (the group's chief executive role; executive director and President since 2020) Chair: Chen Jinghe, Chairman (founder; geologist who led the Zijinshan discovery and development)
Leadership: Board and senior management as published in Zijin Mining's annual report: Chairman Chen Jinghe, President Zou Laichang, and the executive directors and vice-presidents responsible for overseas operations, geology, production and finance. Leadership selection is by the board of the listed company, with the founding chairman still in office in October 2026. Executive directors and vice-presidents named in the 2024 annual report include Lin Hongfu, Li Jian, Huang Zhihua and Shen Shaoyang (roles as published in Chinese and English annual-report rosters); a full Western-style C-suite is Not published — stated plainly
Business: Gold mining (China and overseas); copper mining (China, DR Congo, Serbia, Colombia, Peru exploration); zinc and lead; lithium (3Q project, Argentina; Xiangyuan and Lakkor Tso, China); iron ore and silver as by-products; a growing battery-metals and materials arm.
Customers: Chinese and international smelters and refiners (copper and zinc concentrates and cathode); gold sold through the Shanghai Gold Exchange and international bullion banks; lithium chemicals to Chinese battery-chain converters; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue RMB 303.6 billion (about US$42 billion), calendar 2024 (Zijin Mining Annual Report 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Mined copper production 1.07 Mt in 2024 — the first Chinese miner above one million tonnes; mined gold 73 tonnes in 2024; mined zinc and lead 467 kt in 2024 (Zijin Mining 2024 annual report and production release) Flagship mines: Zijinshan gold-copper (China); Julong copper (Tibet, China, majority); Kamoa-Kakula (DR Congo, about 39.6% with Ivanhoe); Kolwezi (DR Congo); Timok / Čukaru Peki and Bor (Serbia); Buriticá (Colombia); Aurora (Guyana); Rosebel (Suriname); Norton Gold Fields and Bullabulling (Australia); Akyem (Ghana, acquired from Newmont 2025)
Footprint: China, DR Congo, Serbia, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Ghana, Papua New Guinea (Porgera, with Barrick), Australia, Argentina, Peru and Kazakhstan (Raygorodok, agreed 2025) Headquarters: 1 Zijin Avenue, Shanghang County, Longyan, Fujian, China (registered office, as published); principal executive offices also in Xiamen and Fuzhou
Structure: Listed (HKEX: 2899; SSE: 601899); the largest shareholder is Minxi Xinghang State-Owned Assets Investment Company (a Shanghang county state vehicle, about 23%); the balance is widely held, including through Zijin Gold International's 2025 Hong Kong listing of the ex-China gold business. President / COO: Zou Laichang serves as President; no separate COO title is published in the group's English-language leadership materials — stated plainly CFO: Wu Hongxian, Chief Financial Officer (as named in the group's published executive roster; see Named Gaps — CFO verification rests on the annual-report roster)
Website: zijinmining.com · Contact: Not published — Zijin routes enquiries through zijinmining.com contact pages; no general email is published in its English-language materials Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official English-language source for this edition Access: Investor relations via zijinmining.com (English and Chinese); overseas-asset contacts are published asset by asset; no published general email
The fastest-growing major of the decade: top-five world copper and top-ten gold production assembled in twenty years, run from a county town in Fujian by its founding geologist-chairman. Zijin Gold International, holding the group's gold assets outside China, listed in Hong Kong in September 2025 — the group's structure is therefore in transition and is described as at October 2026. English-language disclosure of individual executive titles is thinner than for Western-listed peers; gaps are named in-cell.
Sources: Zijin Mining Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production results (zijinmining.com / HKEX filings); Zijin Gold International Hong Kong listing, Sep 2025; company leadership pages, Oct 2026
6. TECK RESOURCES — VANCOUVER, CANADA
Founded 1913 (as Teck-Hughes Gold Mines, Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada) · Diversified major
Leader: Jonathan Price, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO since September 2022) Chair: Sheila Murray, Chair of the Board
Leadership: Senior leadership team as published by Teck: President & CEO, CFO, and executive vice presidents leading Copper Growth, Zinc, Operations, Strategy, Sustainability and External Affairs, Legal, People & Culture and Technology & Innovation (teck.com, October 2026). Executive team as published by Teck includes the Executive Vice Presidents for Strategy & Corporate Development, Sustainability & External Affairs, Operations (Copper and Zinc), Legal and People — named in full at teck.com/about/leadership; titles are published there rather than as a C-suite roster
Business: Copper mining (Highland Valley, Antamina minority, Quebrada Blanca); zinc mining and smelting (Red Dog, Trail); copper growth projects (Quebrada Blanca ramp-up, San Nicolás, Zafranal, NewRange with PolyMet); energy (minority oil-sands interest, being wound down). Steelmaking coal was sold in 2024.
Customers: Zinc and copper smelters, refiners and concentrate buyers in Asia, Europe and North America; lead and zinc metal customers of Trail Operations; published categories only — contract lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue C$14.3 billion, calendar 2024, including the steelmaking-coal business sold in July 2024 (Teck Annual Report 2024); continuing-operations revenue is materially lower on the post-coal portfolio — basis stated here and in Notes
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 446 kt in 2024 (Teck share, 2024 production report); zinc in concentrate 616 kt and refined zinc 256 kt in 2024; Quebrada Blanca ramp-up is the group's principal 2025–26 production story Flagship mines: Quebrada Blanca (Chile, 60%); Highland Valley Copper (Canada); Red Dog (USA — Alaska, one of the world's largest zinc mines); Trail Operations smelter (Canada); Antamina (Peru, 22.5%); Carmen de Andacollo (Chile, 90%)
Footprint: Canada, Chile, the United States and Peru; growth projects also in Mexico (San Nicolás) and the United States (NewRange) Headquarters: 550 Burrard Street, Suite 3300, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 0B3, Canada (Teck's published head office, Bentall 5)
Structure: Widely held public company (TSX: TECK.A / TECK.B; NYSE: TECK). Subordinate voting (Class B) shares carry the economic majority; no controlling shareholder. President / COO: Jonathan Price holds the combined President and CEO title; no separate COO title is published at October 2026 — stated plainly CFO: Crystal Prystai, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Website: teck.com · Contact: Not published — Teck routes enquiries through teck.com contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: +1 604 699 4000 (Vancouver head office, as published by Teck) Access: Investor relations and media via teck.com; supplier entry via Teck's supplier pages; no published general email
Canada's last diversified champion, weeks from a new identity: on completion of the Anglo merger its shareholders will hold about 37.6% of Anglo Teck, to be headquartered in Vancouver — making this entry, uniquely in the guide, a portrait of a company in its final standalone chapter. ANGLO MERGER — VERIFIED STATUS, OCTOBER 2026: Teck remains an independent listed company. The merger with Anglo American (announced 9 September 2025) awaited only China's SAMR approval at 20 October 2026, with completion expected by March 2027 (Anglo American Q3 2026 production report). On completion Teck will be subsumed into Anglo Teck and this entry will be retired into the Anglo American entry. 2024 revenue includes Elk Valley coal to its July 2024 sale — basis stated in Scale.
Sources: Teck Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production results (teck.com); Anglo American / Teck merger announcement, 9 Sep 2025; Anglo American Q3 2026 production report, 20 Oct 2026; teck.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
7. NORILSK NICKEL (NORNICKEL) — MOSCOW, RUSSIA
Founded 1935 (Norilsk Combine, Siberia, USSR); corporatised as RAO Norilsk Nickel in 1993 and as PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel thereafter · Diversified major
Leader: Vladimir Potanin, President (the company's chief-executive title; President of MMC Norilsk Nickel and head of Interros) Chair: Andrei Bougrov, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Leadership: Management Board as published by Nornickel: the President, CFO and senior vice presidents for production divisions (Norilsk, Kola, Trans-Baikal / Bystrinsky), sales, HR, ecology and investments. English-language leadership disclosure has narrowed since 2022 and is graded accordingly in this entry. Other published senior officers include the Senior Vice Presidents for Operations, HR and Social Policy, and Ecology (the Sulphur Programme); a full current English-language C-suite roster is Not published for this edition — see Named Gaps
Business: Mining and metallurgy of nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, cobalt and rhodium (Norilsk and Kola divisions); copper and iron-ore concentrates at Bystrinsky (Trans-Baikal); the Sulphur Programme environmental project at Nadezhda; a global sales network now centred on Asia.
Customers: Historically European and US refiners, autocatalyst makers and battery-chain buyers; since 2022, sales redirected to China and other Asian buyers, with some Western customers self-sanctioning — as described in the company's own FY2024 reporting; customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Consolidated revenue US$12.5 billion, calendar 2024, down 13% year on year (Nornickel FY2024 audited IFRS results, 10 February 2025); EBITDA US$5.2 billion
Commodities & flagship mines: Nickel production 205 kt in 2024; copper 433 kt in 2024; palladium 2.76 million ounces and platinum 667 thousand ounces in 2024 (Nornickel 2024 production results) — the world's largest palladium output and about 40% of world supply Flagship mines: Norilsk division — Oktyabrsky, Taimyrsky, Komsomolsky and Zapolyarny mines and the Talnakh concentrator (Russia, Taymyr Peninsula); Kola division — Zhdanovskoye and Severny (Russia, Kola Peninsula); Bystrinsky GOK copper-gold-iron (Russia, Trans-Baikal); Nkomati (South Africa, care and maintenance, held for sale)
Footprint: Russia (Taymyr, Kola and Trans-Baikal) almost exclusively; a minority Finnish refinery interest (Harjavalta) and the South African Nkomati joint venture are the remaining ex-Russia assets Headquarters: Mercury Tower, 15 1st Krasnogvardeysky Proezd, Moscow 123100, Russia (Nornickel's published head office)
Structure: Listed on the Moscow Exchange (MOEX: GMKN); London and US listings were suspended and delisted after 2022. Largest shareholders: Interros (Vladimir Potanin, about 37%) and Rusal (about 26%); the balance is free float, predominantly domestic since 2022. President / COO: Vladimir Potanin holds the President title; operational leadership sits with the Senior Vice Presidents heading the Norilsk, Kola and Trans-Baikal divisions — no COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: Sergei Malyshev, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (named in the company's FY2024 results release)
Website: nornickel.com · Contact: Not published — Nornickel routes enquiries through nornickel.com contact pages; an investor-relations email is published on its IR pages in Russian editions, not verified for this edition — stated plainly Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations via nornickel.com (Moscow Exchange disclosure); access for Western investors and counterparties is restricted by sanctions compliance — stated plainly
An Arctic mining city-state in corporate form: the town of Norilsk exists because of this company, and its palladium share gives it a systemic place in the world autocatalyst supply chain that no sanction has yet replaced. GRADED HONESTLY: Nornickel is included because no worldwide guide can omit the largest palladium and class-1 nickel producer, but verification is weaker than for any other entry — English-language disclosure has contracted since 2022, its shares trade only in Moscow, and figures here rest on the company's own FY2024 IFRS release of 10 February 2025. The company states it is not itself designated under US or EU sanctions; many counterparties nonetheless treat its metal as restricted. No 2025 full-year figure was verified for this edition.
Sources: Nornickel FY2024 audited consolidated IFRS results release, 10 Feb 2025, and 2024 production results (nornickel.com); Nornickel H1 2025 results reporting, Aug 2025; company leadership pages, Oct 2026 (limited English disclosure — see Notes)
GOLD
8. NEWMONT CORPORATION — DENVER, UNITED STATES
Founded 1916 (founded by William Boyce Thompson; incorporated 1921, New York, USA) · Gold
Leader: Natascha Viljoen, President and Chief Executive Officer (from 1 January 2026; succeeded Tom Palmer, CEO 2019–2025, who retired from the board and the CEO role on 31 December 2025 and served as Strategic Advisor to 31 March 2026 — Newmont announcement, 29 September 2025) Chair: Gregory Boyce, Chair of the Board
Leadership: Executive officers as filed by Newmont effective 1 January 2026: President & CEO Natascha Viljoen; Peter Wexler (Legal / interim CFO); Peter Toth; Francois Hardy; Jennifer Cmil; Brian Tabolt; and the Managing Directors for Africa Asia Pacific (Mark Rodgers) and the Americas (David Thornton) and Group Head, Projects and Studies (David Fry). EVP and Chief Sustainability and Development Officer: Peter Toth; EVP and Chief People Officer: Jennifer Cmil; EVP and Chief Technical Officer: Francois Hardy; SVP Global Finance and Chief Accounting Officer: Brian Tabolt (Newmont executive officers disclosure, 1 January 2026)
Business: Gold mining (open-pit and underground) as the core business; copper, silver, zinc and lead as material by-products (notably at Peñasquito and Cadia); a tier-one project pipeline (Ahafo North, Tanami expansion, Cadia and Lihir developments).
Customers: Gold is sold to bullion banks and refiners on world markets; concentrates (copper, zinc, silver) to smelters and traders under published offtake categories; individual customers are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$18.7 billion, calendar 2024 (Newmont Form 10-K 2024); 2025 revenue was reported at a record level on higher realised gold prices in the company's 2025 results coverage — the audited 2024 basis is carried here, see Named Gaps
Commodities & flagship mines: Attributable gold production 6.85 million ounces in 2024 (Newmont 2024 results); copper production about 150 kt in 2024 from Cadia, Red Chris and Peñasquito by-products (company reporting basis) Flagship mines: Nevada Gold Mines (USA, 38.5% — operated by Barrick); Boddington and Tanami (Australia); Cadia (Australia) and Lihir (Papua New Guinea); Ahafo (Ghana — Akyem, also Ghana, was sold in 2025); Peñasquito (Mexico); Brucejack and Red Chris (Canada); Cerro Negro (Argentina) and Yanacocha (Peru); Merian (Suriname, 75%)
Footprint: United States, Canada, Mexico, Suriname, Argentina, Peru, Ghana, Australia and Papua New Guinea Headquarters: 6900 East Layton Avenue, Suite 700, Denver, Colorado 80237, United States (Newmont's published headquarters)
Structure: Widely held public company (NYSE: NEM; ASX and PNGX: NEM). No controlling shareholder; the largest holders are index institutions. President / COO: The President title is held by the CEO (President and CEO). The COO role Viljoen previously held was not shown as separately filled in the executive roster filed for 2026 — stated plainly; Francois Hardy serves as EVP and Chief Technical Officer CFO: Peter Wexler, Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer (as listed in Newmont's executive officers disclosure effective 1 January 2026)
Website: newmont.com · Contact: Not published — Newmont routes enquiries through newmont.com contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: +1 303 863 7414 (Denver head office, as published by Newmont) Access: Investor relations and media via newmont.com; supplier entry via Newmont's supplier portal; no published general email
The gold industry's consolidator and its first S&P 500 gold major: after Newcrest it holds more tier-one gold mines than any rival, and from 2026 it is led by the first woman to run the company in its 105-year history. Leadership verified to the 1 January 2026 handover (Viljoen). The CFO seat was interim at that filing (Wexler) — flagged here and in Named Gaps. Ahafo North achieved first gold pour in 2025 (company releases).
Sources: Newmont announcement 'Retirement of CEO Tom Palmer, Names President & COO Natascha Viljoen as Successor', 29 Sep 2025 (newmont.com); Newmont Form 10-K 2024 and executive officers disclosure effective 1 Jan 2026; newmont.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
9. BARRICK MINING CORPORATION — TORONTO, CANADA
Founded 1983 (Barrick Petroleum; gold business from 1983, Toronto, Canada, founded by Peter Munk) · Gold
Leader: Mark Hill, President and Chief Executive Officer (Group COO and Interim President & CEO from 29 September 2025 on Mark Bristow's departure; appointed President and CEO permanently in February 2026 to lead the planned North American gold IPO — Barrick 2026 management circular) Chair: John Thornton, Chairman of the Board (executive chairman)
Leadership: Executive leadership as published in Barrick's 2026 management information circular (27 March 2026): Chairman John Thornton; President & CEO Mark Hill; SEVP & CFO Graham Shuttleworth; and a smaller, restructured C-suite with fewer direct reports, organised around the North American IPO process and regional operations. Senior executives named in Barrick's 2026 reporting include the Group General Counsel and the regional operating heads for North America, Latin America & Asia Pacific and Africa & Middle East; a March 2026 leadership overhaul changed several regional and corporate-development roles — individual names beyond CEO and CFO are carried only where the circular names them, see Named Gaps
Business: Gold mining (tier-one mines in Nevada, the Dominican Republic, Mali, DR Congo, Tanzania, Argentina and Papua New Guinea); copper mining and development (Lumwana, Zambia; Reko Diq, Pakistan — one of the world's largest undeveloped copper-gold projects); exploration across four continents.
Customers: Gold doré sold to refiners and bullion banks on world markets; copper concentrate to smelters and traders; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$12.9 billion, calendar 2024 (Barrick Annual Report 2024); 2025 gold production fell 17% to 3.26 million ounces (company 2025 reporting, the lowest in at least 25 years, following the Mali disruption)
Commodities & flagship mines: Gold production 3.91 million ounces in 2024 and 3.26 million ounces in 2025 (Barrick results releases); copper production 195 kt in 2024, principally Lumwana and Jabal Sayid Flagship mines: Nevada Gold Mines (USA, 61.5% — Cortez, Carlin, Turquoise Ridge, Phoenix, Long Canyon); Pueblo Viejo (Dominican Republic, 60%); Kibali (DR Congo, 45%); Loulo-Gounkoto (Mali, 80% — control restored after the 2025 settlement with the Malian government); North Mara and Bulyanhulu (Tanzania); Veladero (Argentina, 50%); Porgera (Papua New Guinea, 49%); Lumwana copper (Zambia); Reko Diq copper-gold project (Pakistan, 50%, in development)
Footprint: United States, Dominican Republic, Mali, DR Congo, Tanzania, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Zambia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Egypt and Canada (Hemlo sold in 2025) Headquarters: 161 Bay Street, Suite 3600, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2S1, Canada (Barrick's published head office, Brookfield Place)
Structure: Widely held public company (NYSE: B; TSX: ABX — NYSE ticker changed from GOLD to B with the 2025 rename). Activist investor Elliott Investment Management built a top-ten stake reported in early 2026. No controlling shareholder. President / COO: Mark Hill holds President and CEO; he previously also held Group COO. The restructured 2026 executive team is smaller, with regional chief operating roles (including North America) reporting to the CEO — as described in the company's 2026 circular and leadership reporting CFO: Graham Shuttleworth, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Website: barrick.com · Contact: Not published — Barrick routes enquiries through barrick.com contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: +1 416 861 9911 (Toronto head office, as published by Barrick) Access: Investor relations and media via barrick.com; supplier entry via Barrick's procurement pages; no published general email
The mine-builder's major: an operator-run portfolio of six tier-one gold mines, the Reko Diq copper giant in development, and — uniquely in 2026 — a board-authorised plan to list its North American gold crown separately by the end of the year. RENAME — VERIFIED: Barrick Gold Corporation changed its name to Barrick Mining Corporation effective 6 May 2025, approved at the annual and special meeting that day; NYSE ticker GOLD became B from 9 May 2025, TSX ABX unchanged (Barrick release, 6 May 2025). CEO: Mark Bristow resigned 29 September 2025; Mark Hill, interim from that date, was appointed permanent President & CEO in February 2026 (2026 circular). Mali: operational control of Loulo-Gounkoto was restored under a settlement in December 2025 after a two-year dispute (company and press reporting).
Sources: Barrick releases 'Barrick Announces Name Change to Barrick Mining Corporation', 6 May 2025, and leadership transition release, 29 Sep 2025 (barrick.com); Barrick 2026 management information circular, 27 Mar 2026; Barrick Annual Report 2024 and 2025 production results
10. AGNICO EAGLE MINES — TORONTO, CANADA
Founded 1957 (Agnico Mines, Ontario, Canada; merged with Eagle Gold Mines in 1972) · Gold
Leader: Ammar Al-Joundi, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO since February 2022) Chair: Sean Boyd, Chair of the Board (executive chair; CEO 1998–2022)
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Agnico Eagle: Chair Sean Boyd; President & CEO Ammar Al-Joundi; CFO Jamie Porter; and executive vice presidents for operations by region, exploration, strategy and corporate development, sustainability and legal. The full named roster is at agnicoeagle.com/about/leadership. EVP and Chief Operating Officer roles are organised regionally; other published executive officers include the EVP, Exploration (Guy Gosselin), EVP, Sustainability & Regulatory Affairs and the General Counsel (Chris Vollmershausen) — as published on agnicoeagle.com (October 2026)
Business: Gold mining in tier-one jurisdictions only (Canada, Australia, Finland, Mexico); silver, zinc and copper by-products; the largest exploration programme in the gold industry, centred on Detour Lake, Canadian Malartic (Odyssey underground) and Kittilä.
Customers: Gold and silver sold to refiners and bullion banks; zinc and copper concentrates to smelters; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$8.29 billion, calendar 2024 (Agnico Eagle Annual Report 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Gold production 3.49 million ounces in 2024 (Agnico Eagle 2024 results) — third-largest gold producer in the world; payable silver, zinc and copper as by-products Flagship mines: Canadian Malartic and Odyssey (Canada — Quebec); Detour Lake (Canada — Ontario, the country's largest gold mine); LaRonde (Canada — Quebec); Meadowbank and Meliadine (Canada — Nunavut); Fosterville (Australia); Kittilä (Finland — Europe's largest gold mine); Pinos Altos and La India (Mexico)
Footprint: Canada, Australia, Finland and Mexico — deliberately confined to mining-friendly jurisdictions Headquarters: 145 King Street East, Suite 400, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2Y7, Canada (Agnico Eagle's published head office)
Structure: Widely held public company (TSX: AEM; NYSE: AEM). No controlling shareholder. President / COO: Ammar Al-Joundi holds the combined President and CEO title; operations are led by Executive Vice Presidents for Canada, Australia, Finland and Mexico — no separate COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: Jamie Porter, Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Website: agnicoeagle.com · Contact: Not published — Agnico Eagle routes investor and general enquiries through the contact pages at agnicoeagle.com; no general email is carried here Phone: +1 416 947 1212 (Toronto head office, as published by Agnico Eagle) Access: Investor relations via agnicoeagle.com and the investor email published in its releases; media and supplier entry via the site; careers via its regional pages
The quality compounder of gold: the sector's premium valuation, earned on an all-safe-jurisdiction portfolio, a single-commodity focus and a 40-year record of annual dividends. No material leadership change was reported in 2025–26; Al-Joundi and Boyd verified against the company's October 2026 leadership pages.
Sources: Agnico Eagle Annual Report 2024 and Q4 2024 results (agnicoeagle.com); agnicoeagle.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
11. ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI — DENVER, UNITED STATES
Founded 1944 (as Vaal Reefs Exploration and Mining; AngloGold formed 1998 by merging Anglo American's gold interests; merged with Ashanti Goldfields in 2004) · Gold
Leader: Alberto Calderón, Chief Executive Officer (since September 2021; confirmed in office in the company's February 2026 results presentation) Chair: Maria Ramos, Chair (independent chair since December 2020)
Leadership: Executive leadership as published by AngloGold Ashanti: CEO Alberto Calderón, CFO Gillian Doran, and executives for Sustainability & Corporate Affairs, Legal, People, Strategy & Business Development and the regional businesses (Africa, Americas, Australia). Other published executive officers include the Chief Sustainability & Corporate Affairs Officer and the Chief Legal Officer as listed on anglogoldashanti.com; a full C-suite roster is published on its leadership pages (October 2026)
Business: Gold mining across Africa (Ghana, Guinea, Mali legacy, Tanzania, DR Congo minority, Egypt), the Americas (Brazil, Colombia projects, Argentina minority, USA — Nevada growth projects including the Arthur discovery) and Australia; silver and sulphuric acid by-products.
Customers: Gold sold to refiners and bullion banks on world markets; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$4.71 billion, calendar 2024 (AngloGold Ashanti Annual Financial Report 2024); the company reported record free cash flow of US$2.9 billion for 2025 in its February 2026 results, on the higher gold price — basis stated here
Commodities & flagship mines: Gold production 2.66 million ounces in 2024 (AngloGold Ashanti 2024 results), rising with the Centamin (Sukari) contribution in 2025 Flagship mines: Obuasi and Iduapriem (Ghana); Geita (Tanzania); Kibali (DR Congo, 45%, operated by Barrick); Sukari (Egypt, via Centamin); Cerro Vanguardia (Argentina, 92.5%); AGA Mineração and Serra Grande (Brazil); Sunrise Dam and Tropicana (Australia, 70%); Arthur project (USA — Nevada, in study)
Footprint: Ghana, Guinea, Tanzania, DR Congo, Egypt, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, the United States and Australia Headquarters: 6363 South Fiddlers Green Circle, Greenwood Village, Denver, Colorado, United States (corporate office, as published following the 2023 reorganisation; registered office in the United Kingdom for the plc — see Notes)
Structure: Widely held public company; primary listing NYSE: AU (since September 2023), with JSE and Ghana listings retained. No controlling shareholder. President / COO: No President or COO title is published at group level; regional chief operating roles cover Africa, the Americas and Australia — stated plainly CFO: Gillian Doran, Chief Financial Officer (since January 2023)
Website: anglogoldashanti.com · Contact: Not published — AngloGold Ashanti routes investor and media enquiries through anglogoldashanti.com; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no Denver head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations and media via anglogoldashanti.com; supplier entry via its responsible-sourcing pages; no published general email
The African gold champion remade as an American-listed company: Obuasi's renaissance, Sukari's acquisition and the Arthur discovery in Nevada give it the strongest growth story of the senior gold producers in 2026. Domicile: AngloGold Ashanti plc is incorporated in England and Wales with its primary listing in New York and corporate headquarters in Denver since 2023 — city carried as Denver with that basis stated. The February 2026 results confirmed Calderón in office and a record US$1.8 billion total payout for 2025.
Sources: AngloGold Ashanti Annual Financial Report 2024 and 2025 results presentation, Feb 2026 (anglogoldashanti.com); company leadership pages, Oct 2026
COPPER
12. FREEPORT-MCMORAN — PHOENIX, UNITED STATES
Founded 1981 (Freeport-McMoRan formed from Freeport Minerals, roots 1912 as Freeport Sulphur, and McMoRan Exploration) · Copper
Leader: Kathleen Quirk, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO since June 2024; succeeded Richard Adkerson) Chair: Richard Adkerson, Chairman of the Board
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Freeport: Chairman Richard Adkerson; President & CEO Kathleen Quirk; CFO Maree Robertson; and the heads of the Americas and Indonesia businesses, technology (leaching innovation), sustainability and legal. Other published executive officers include the President, Freeport Americas (Josh Olmsted), the President Director of PT Freeport Indonesia (Tony Wenas) and the General Counsel — as published on fcx.com (October 2026)
Business: Copper mining and refining (the Americas and Indonesia); gold and molybdenum as major co-products; an industry-leading copper leaching programme recovering metal from historic stockpiles; Atlantic Copper smelting (Spain).
Customers: Copper cathode, rod and concentrate buyers — wire and cable makers, fabricators, smelters and traders worldwide; molybdenum chemical and steel customers; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$25.5 billion, calendar 2024 (Freeport-McMoRan Form 10-K 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper sales 4.18 billion pounds (about 1.90 Mt) and gold sales 1.89 million ounces in 2024 (Freeport 2024 results); molybdenum sales 88 million pounds in 2024 Flagship mines: Grasberg (Indonesia — one of the world's largest copper and gold mines); Morenci (USA — Arizona, the largest copper mine in North America); Cerro Verde (Peru, 55.08%); Safford / Lone Star, Bagdad, Sierrita and Miami (USA); El Abra (Chile, 51%); Atlantic Copper smelter (Spain)
Footprint: United States, Peru, Chile, Indonesia and Spain Headquarters: 333 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States (Freeport-McMoRan's published headquarters, Freeport-McMoRan Plaza)
Structure: Widely held public company (NYSE: FCX). No controlling shareholder; index institutions are the largest holders. Its Indonesian subsidiary PT Freeport Indonesia is 51% owned by the Indonesian state (MIND ID) since 2018, with Freeport retaining operatorship and a 48.76% economic interest. President / COO: Kathleen Quirk holds the combined President and CEO title; no separate COO title is published — operations are led by the presidents of Freeport Americas and PT Freeport Indonesia — stated plainly CFO: Maree Robertson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Website: fcx.com · Contact: Not published — Freeport routes enquiries through fcx.com contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: +1 602 366 8100 (Phoenix head office, as published by Freeport-McMoRan) Access: Investor relations and media via fcx.com; supplier entry via its supplier portal; no published general email
Copper's bellwether: the largest listed pure copper producer, anchored by Grasberg's underground giant and Morenci, and the industry's leaching innovator — its output is the closest traded proxy for the energy-transition metal itself. Indonesia: the Grasberg mining licence (IUPK) and smelter obligations were the subject of continuing government negotiation through 2025–26; the entry carries the operatorship and ownership as published at October 2026.
Sources: Freeport-McMoRan Form 10-K 2024 and Q4 2024 results (fcx.com); fcx.com leadership pages, Oct 2026
13. SOUTHERN COPPER CORPORATION — PHOENIX, UNITED STATES
Founded 1952 (as Southern Peru Copper Corporation, Delaware, USA) · Copper
Leader: Oscar González Rocha, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO since 1999; also a director of Grupo México) Chair: Germán Larrea Mota-Velasco, Chairman of the Board (chairman and CEO of Grupo México)
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Southern Copper: Chairman Germán Larrea; President & CEO Oscar González Rocha; CFO Raúl Jacob; and vice presidents for the Peruvian and Mexican operations, exploration, projects (including Tía María) and legal. Other published officers include the Vice Presidents for Exploration, Operations (Peru and Mexico) and the General Counsel and Secretary (Hans Flury) — as published in Southern Copper's annual report and proxy materials (2025–26)
Business: Open-pit and underground copper mining, smelting and refining in Peru and Mexico; by-product molybdenum, silver, zinc, lead and gold; the Tía María (Peru) and Michiquillay (Peru) growth projects and El Pilar / Buenavista expansions in Mexico.
Customers: Copper cathode, rod, blister and concentrate buyers — fabricators, smelters and traders in the Americas, Europe and Asia; molybdenum and silver industrial buyers; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Net sales US$13.42 billion, calendar 2025 — a company record, up 17% on 2024; adjusted EBITDA US$7.8 billion and net income US$4.3 billion (Southern Copper Q4 / full-year 2025 results release)
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 956,270 tonnes in 2025, down 1.8% on lower Peruvian grades; 2026 production guided to about 911,400 tonnes (Southern Copper 2025 results); molybdenum 31,200 tonnes in 2025; silver and zinc output rose in 2025 (company results) Flagship mines: Toquepala and Cuajone (Peru); Ilo smelter and refinery (Peru); La Caridad and Buenavista del Cobre / Cananea (Mexico — Buenavista is one of the world's five largest copper mines); Charcas, Santa Bárbara and San Martín underground mines (Mexico); Tía María project (Peru — construction under way, first production targeted 2027)
Footprint: Peru and Mexico (operations); exploration in Argentina, Chile and Ecuador Headquarters: 1440 Renaissance Square, 2 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona, United States (corporate office as published in SEC filings; principal executive offices also in Lima and Mexico City — see Notes)
Structure: Listed (NYSE: SCCO; Lima: SCCO). Grupo México (through Americas Mining Corporation) holds about 89%; the balance is free float. President / COO: Oscar González Rocha holds the combined President and CEO title; no separate COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: Raúl Jacob Ruisánchez, Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Website: southerncoppercorp.com · Contact: Not published — Southern Copper publishes investor-relations contacts at southerncoppercorp.com; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no Phoenix head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations via southerncoppercorp.com (contacts published there); supplier and community entry via its Peruvian and Mexican operating pages; no published general email
The reserve king: more copper in the ground than any company on earth and among the lowest cash costs in the industry (US$0.42 per pound net of by-product credits in Q3 2025), converting a two-country portfolio into a 58% EBITDA margin. Head-office basis: Southern Copper is a Delaware corporation filing from Phoenix, with operating headquarters in Lima and Mexico City — stated here so the Phoenix line is not read as the operating centre. Tía María: 24% complete at the 2025 results, with first production targeted for 2027 (company).
Sources: Southern Copper Q4 and full-year 2025 results release (southerncoppercorp.com); Southern Copper Annual Report / Form 10-K 2024; company leadership disclosures, Oct 2026
14. CMOC GROUP — LUOYANG, HENAN, CHINA
Founded 1969 (as the Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum mining enterprise, Henan, China; corporatised as China Molybdenum in 1999) · Copper
Leader: Sun Ruiwen, President (the group's chief-executive role; President since 2020) Chair: Yuan Honglin, Chairman
Leadership: Board and senior management as published in CMOC's annual report: Chairman Yuan Honglin; President Sun Ruiwen; and vice-presidents responsible for the Congo copper-cobalt business, Brazil, trading (IXM, Geneva) and China molybdenum-tungsten operations. Vice-presidents named in CMOC's annual-report roster include the heads of the DRC business, Brazil phosphates and niobium, IXM trading and the Australian operation; a Western-style C-suite roster is Not published — stated plainly
Business: Copper and cobalt mining (DR Congo); molybdenum and tungsten (China); niobium and phosphates (Brazil); copper-gold (Australia, 80% of Northparkes); metals trading through IXM (Geneva); gold-copper development in Ecuador.
Customers: Chinese and international smelters and refiners (copper and cobalt intermediates); battery-chain buyers of cobalt hydroxide; steel and fertiliser industries for molybdenum, niobium and phosphates; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue RMB 213.0 billion in calendar 2024 (CMOC Annual Report 2024), about US$31.9 billion on the conversion used in market reporting of the same results; trading turnover through IXM is included in group revenue — basis stated here
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 650 kt in 2024, up 55% (CMOC 2024 results) — among the world's five largest; cobalt production 114 kt in 2024, the world's largest; molybdenum 15 kt and tungsten 8 kt in 2024 (company reporting) Flagship mines: Tenke Fungurume (DR Congo, 80% — copper-cobalt); Kisanfu (DR Congo, 71.25% — copper-cobalt); Sandaozhuang molybdenum-tungsten (China); Catalão and Ouvidor niobium and phosphates (Brazil); Northparkes (Australia, 80%); Cangrejos gold-copper project (Ecuador)
Footprint: China, DR Congo, Brazil, Australia, Ecuador and Switzerland (IXM trading, Geneva) Headquarters: Luoyang, Henan, China (registered office: Luanchuan County / Luoyang, as published in listing documents; executive offices in Luoyang and Beijing — full street address Not published in English-language sources consulted)
Structure: Listed (HKEX: 3993; SSE: 603993). Largest shareholders are Luoyang Mining Group (state) and the Yu family interests (Yongcheng / Hongshang); battery maker CATL took a major stake in Kisanfu at project level. No single controlling shareholder at group level. President / COO: Sun Ruiwen serves as President; vice-presidents lead the Congo, Brazil and trading businesses — no COO title is published in English-language materials — stated plainly CFO: Not disclosed — no group CFO was verified by name from an official English-language source for this edition; finance leadership is named in the annual report's Chinese roster — see Named Gaps
Website: cmoc.com · Contact: Not published — CMOC routes enquiries through cmoc.com and its Hong Kong listing disclosures; no general email is published in English-language materials Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official English-language source for this edition Access: Investor relations via cmoc.com and HKEX filings; IXM trading contacts published at ixm.com; no published general email
The new cobalt-and-copper power: Tenke plus Kisanfu made a provincial molybdenum company the world's largest cobalt producer and a top-five copper miner within eight years of its first Congo acquisition. Tenke Fungurume's royalty dispute with Gécamines was settled in 2023 with a payment package reported at about US$800 million; export flows normalised thereafter (company releases). CFO and full executive roster are named gaps for this edition (see README).
Sources: CMOC Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production results (cmoc.com / HKEX); CMOC leadership disclosures, Oct 2026
15. ANTOFAGASTA PLC — LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM
Founded 1888 (as Antofagasta (Chili) and Bolivia Railway Company, London); mining business built from the 1980s under the Luksic group · Copper
Leader: Iván Arriagada, Chief Executive Officer (CEO since 2016) Chair: Jean-Paul Luksic, Chairman
Leadership: Executive leadership as published by Antofagasta: Chairman Jean-Paul Luksic; CEO Iván Arriagada; CFO Mauricio Ortiz; and the Antofagasta Minerals executive team in Santiago (operations at Los Pelambres, Centinela, Zaldívar and Antucoya, growth projects and sustainability). Vice President, Sustainability: Alejandra Vial (named in the 2025 results release); other published officers include the VP Corporate Affairs and the General Counsel as listed at antofagasta.co.uk (October 2026)
Business: Copper mining in Chile (four mines) with gold and molybdenum by-products; the Centinela second concentrator and Los Pelambres desalination and expansion projects targeting about 30% production growth in the medium term; transport (FCAB railway) and water (Aguas Antofagasta, sold process under way in prior years — mining is the group's substance).
Customers: Copper concentrate and cathode sold to smelters, refiners and traders in Asia, Europe and the Americas, substantially under term contracts; molybdenum to steel and chemical buyers; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$8,620.3 million, calendar 2025, up 30%; EBITDA US$5,201.9 million at a 60.3% margin — a company record (Antofagasta 2025 full-year results)
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 664 kt in 2024 and a guided medium-term rise of about 30% from the Centinela and Los Pelambres projects (company guidance in the 2025 results); gold and molybdenum as by-products of the same mines Flagship mines: Los Pelambres (Chile, 60% — the flagship); Centinela (Chile, 100% — Esperanza and Encuentro, with a second concentrator in construction); Zaldívar (Chile, 50%, with Barrick); Antucoya (Chile, 70%); FCAB railway (Chile–Bolivia)
Footprint: Chile (all mining operations); corporate headquarters in London, with the mining division headquartered in Santiago Headquarters: 103 Mount Street, London W1K 2TU, United Kingdom (Antofagasta plc's published registered office); mining division at Apoquindo 4001, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Structure: Listed (LSE: ANTO; FTSE 100). The Luksic family's Quiñenco / Metropolitano interests hold about 65%; the balance is free float. President / COO: No President or COO title is published at plc level; Antofagasta Minerals (the mining division) is led by its own executive president in Santiago — stated plainly CFO: Mauricio Ortiz, Chief Financial Officer (hosted the 2025 full-year results with the CEO, per the company's release)
Website: antofagasta.co.uk · Contact: Investor Relations, London: rorchard@antofagasta.co.uk and rsimmons@antofagasta.co.uk; Media, Santiago: porozco@aminerals.cl and cpica@aminerals.cl (all as published in Antofagasta's 2025 full-year results release) Phone: +44 20 7808 0988 (Investor Relations, London, as published in Antofagasta's 2025 full-year results) Access: Investor relations by the published London emails and telephone above; media via the published Santiago contacts; supplier entry via Antofagasta Minerals' Santiago pages
The purest of the majors: four mines, one metal, one country — and in 2025 the richest margin (60.3% EBITDA) of any large pure-play copper producer, from a London listing controlled for four decades by one Chilean family. Antofagasta is the one entry in this guide that publishes named investor and media emails in its results releases; they are reproduced exactly as published. Zaldívar's operating continuity arrangements were under regulatory discussion in 2025–26 (company releases).
Sources: Antofagasta 2025 full-year results release (antofagasta.co.uk); Antofagasta Annual Report 2024; company leadership pages, Oct 2026
16. KGHM POLSKA MIEDŹ — LUBIN, POLAND
Founded 1961 (Kombinat Górniczo-Hutniczy Miedzi, Lubin, Poland) · Copper
Leader: Andrzej Szydło, President of the Management Board (the company's chief-executive title; in office since March 2024) Chair: Chair of the Supervisory Board: Not disclosed — the supervisory chair was not verified by name from an official English-language source for this edition; see Named Gaps
Leadership: Governance is two-tier (Polish model): a Supervisory Board appointed substantially by shareholders including the State Treasury, and a Management Board led by President Andrzej Szydło with vice-presidents for production, finance, development and international assets (KGHM roster, October 2026). Management Board vice-presidents for Production, Development, Commercial and International Assets are named at kghm.com/en/about-us/management-board; this edition names only the President in-cell and directs readers to that roster — stated plainly
Business: Underground copper and silver mining, smelting and refining in Poland (three mines, two smelters); copper-molybdenum at Sierra Gorda (Chile, 55%); copper and precious metals in Canada and the USA (KGHM International); rhenium, lead, sulphuric acid and salt as by-products.
Customers: Copper cathode, wire rod and silver sold to fabricators, refiners, mints and industrial buyers in Europe, China and North America; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Group revenue PLN 36,366 million in calendar 2025, up 3% on PLN 35,320 million in 2024; adjusted EBITDA PLN 10,276 million in 2025 (KGHM Q4 2025 investor release, 25 March 2026)
Commodities & flagship mines: Payable copper production about 590 kt in 2024 (KGHM Group reporting basis, including Sierra Gorda share); silver production about 1,340 tonnes in 2024 — consistently first or second in the world among mining companies Flagship mines: Lubin, Polkowice-Sieroszowice and Rudna mines and the Głogów and Legnica smelters (Poland); Sierra Gorda (Chile, 55%, with South32); Robinson (USA), Carlota (USA) and Sudbury Basin assets (Canada) via KGHM International; Victoria and Ajax projects (Canada)
Footprint: Poland, Chile, Canada and the United States Headquarters: ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 48, 59-301 Lubin, Poland (KGHM's published registered office)
Structure: Listed (Warsaw: KGH). The Polish State Treasury holds about 32%; pension funds and free float hold the balance. The state is the largest but not majority shareholder. President / COO: The Management Board is collective: the President and Vice Presidents for Production, Finance, Development, Assets and International Assets — no COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: Vice President of the Management Board (Finance): the finance vice-presidency is named in KGHM's management-board roster at kghm.com; the holder was not verified by name for this edition — see Named Gaps
Website: kghm.com · Contact: Investor Relations: ir@kghm.com (as published in KGHM's Q4 2025 investor release) Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations by the published email ir@kghm.com and the Results Center at kghm.com; media and supplier entry via kghm.com contact pages
Europe's copper champion: a state-influenced, two-board Polish major mining some of the deepest copper workings on earth (Rudna exceeds 1,200 metres) while ranking with the world's very largest silver producers. Silver: KGHM and Fresnillo contest the world No. 1 silver-producer ranking year by year on differing bases; this entry states KGHM's own reported tonnage without adjudicating the ranking. Supervisory chair and finance vice-president names are named gaps (see README).
Sources: KGHM Q4 2025 investor release and results presentation, 25 Mar 2026 (kghm.com); KGHM Annual Report 2024; kghm.com management pages, Oct 2026
17. FIRST QUANTUM MINERALS — VANCOUVER, CANADA
Founded 1983 (incorporated in Canada; operating history from the 1996 Bwana Mkubwa acquisition, Zambia) · Copper
Leader: Tristan Pascall, Chief Executive Officer (CEO since 2022; son of co-founder Philip Pascall) Chair: Robert Harding, Chair of the Board
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by First Quantum: Chair Robert Harding; CEO Tristan Pascall; CFO Ryan MacWilliam; and executives for operations, projects (including the Kansanshi S3 expansion), commercial and sustainability. Other published executive officers include the Chief Operating Officer, General Counsel and head of Projects as listed at first-quantum.com/about/leadership (October 2026); names beyond CEO, Chair and CFO are carried from that roster in the web edition only — stated plainly
Business: Copper mining (Zambia, Mauritania, Spain, Turkey, Finland, Australia nickel); gold by-product; the Kansanshi S3 expansion and Enterprise nickel mine in Zambia as the growth core while Cobre Panamá is preserved; exploration in the Americas and Africa.
Customers: Copper concentrate and cathode to smelters, refiners and traders in Asia and Europe; nickel to battery and stainless buyers; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$4.80 billion, calendar 2024 (First Quantum Annual Report 2024) — depressed by the full-year absence of Cobre Panamá, which had contributed about US$2 billion of revenue in 2023
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 431 kt in 2024 (First Quantum 2024 production report), from Zambia, Mauritania, Spain, Finland and Turkey; gold 213 thousand ounces and nickel 21 kt in 2024 (company reporting) Flagship mines: Kansanshi (Zambia, 80% — copper-gold, with the S3 expansion); Sentinel (Zambia, 100% — copper); Cobre Panamá (Panama, 90% — preserved, not operating, since November 2023); Guelb Moghrein (Mauritania); Ravensthorpe (Australia — nickel); Las Cruces (Spain); Çayeli (Turkey); Pyhäsalmi (Finland, closing phase)
Footprint: Zambia, Panama (preserved asset), Mauritania, Australia, Spain, Turkey, Finland and Argentina (Taca Taca project) Headquarters: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (corporate headquarters; full street address Not published in sources consulted for this edition); registered office in Toronto
Structure: Widely held public company (TSX: FM). Jiangxi Copper is a major shareholder (about 18%); the Pascall family interests remain significant. No controlling shareholder. President / COO: No President or COO title separate from the CEO was verified for this edition — operations are led by the Chief Operating Officer function within the executive team named at first-quantum.com — stated plainly CFO: Ryan MacWilliam, Chief Financial Officer
Website: first-quantum.com · Contact: Not published — First Quantum routes investor enquiries through first-quantum.com; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations via first-quantum.com; supplier entry via its country operation pages; no published general email
The growth major interrupted: no company better shows copper's jurisdictional risk — a world-class mine built on time in Panama sits silent under government order while its Zambian expansions carry the company, and a 2025–26 audit and dialogue process in Panama decides its future. Cobre Panamá status at October 2026: the mine remains closed under the 2023 Supreme Court ruling; the government of Panama authorised a preservation and safe-management programme and an environmental audit process in 2025, and the company has suspended its arbitration claims while dialogue continues — carried as preserved, not operating, throughout this entry.
Sources: First Quantum Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production report (first-quantum.com); First Quantum releases on Cobre Panamá preservation and the Panama audit process, 2025; company leadership pages, Oct 2026
18. IVANHOE MINES — VANCOUVER, CANADA
Founded 1993 (as Indochina Goldfields; renamed Ivanhoe Mines in 1999; the present company was rebuilt from 2012, Canada / DR Congo focus) · Copper
Leader: Marna Cloete, President and Chief Executive Officer (President since 2020; President and CEO from March 2025) Chair: Robert Friedland, Executive Co-Chairman; Yufeng (Miles) Sun, Co-Chairman
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Ivanhoe: Executive Co-Chair Robert Friedland; Co-Chair Yufeng Sun; President & CEO Marna Cloete; CFO David van Heerden; and the executives leading Kamoa-Kakula, Platreef, Kipushi and exploration. Other published executive officers include the Executive Vice Presidents for Exploration (the Western Foreland programme), Projects and the Kamoa-Kakula and Platreef operating heads — as listed at ivanhoemines.com (October 2026)
Business: Copper mining at Kamoa-Kakula (DR Congo, 39.6%, joint-operated with Zijin); zinc-copper at Kipushi (DR Congo, 68%, restarted 2024); platinum-group metals, nickel and copper at Platreef (South Africa, in phased development, first production targeted in the mid-2020s programme); exploration across the Western Foreland (DR Congo) and Angola.
Customers: Copper and zinc concentrates to smelters and traders, with a substantial share sold into China under the partners' marketing arrangements; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$3.11 billion, calendar 2024 (Ivanhoe Mines Annual Report / MD&A 2024), substantially all from Kamoa-Kakula
Commodities & flagship mines: Kamoa-Kakula copper production 437 kt in 2024 (100% project basis; Ivanhoe share 39.6%), at cash costs among the lowest in the industry; Kipushi zinc ramp-up from its 2024 restart (Ivanhoe 2024 production releases) Flagship mines: Kamoa-Kakula (DR Congo — Kakula, Kamoa and Kansoko mines and concentrators, with a smelter commissioned in the 2025 programme); Kipushi (DR Congo — high-grade zinc); Platreef (South Africa — palladium, platinum, nickel, copper and gold, in development); Western Foreland / Makoko-Kitoko discoveries (DR Congo, exploration)
Footprint: DR Congo and South Africa (operations); Angola and Zambia (exploration) Headquarters: 999 Canada Place, Suite 600, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Ivanhoe's published head office, as filed)
Structure: Listed (TSX: IVN; OTCQX: IVPAF). Co-chairs Robert Friedland and Yufeng Sun (CITIC Metal) are among the largest shareholders; CITIC Metal and Zijin Mining are major holders. No controlling shareholder. President / COO: Marna Cloete holds the combined President and CEO title; no separate COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: David van Heerden, Chief Financial Officer
Website: ivanhoemines.com · Contact: Not published — Ivanhoe routes investor enquiries through ivanhoemines.com; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations via ivanhoemines.com; supplier and community entry via its DRC and South African project pages; no published general email
The explorer-major: three of the world's great discoveries in one small company, and at Kamoa-Kakula the proof — a mine that reached the top rank of world copper within four years of first production, powered substantially by Inga hydroelectricity. Kamoa-Kakula was affected by seismic activity and flooding at the Kakula underground in May 2025, with a revised production plan published thereafter (company releases) — 2024 figures are carried on their dated basis and the 2025 disruption is noted here rather than blended in.
Sources: Ivanhoe Mines Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production results; Ivanhoe releases on Kamoa-Kakula operations and the Kakula incident, 2025 (ivanhoemines.com); company leadership pages, Oct 2026
19. LUNDIN MINING — VANCOUVER, CANADA
Founded 1994 (as South Atlantic Ventures; renamed Lundin Mining in 2004, Canada / Sweden heritage) · Copper
Leader: Jack Lundin, President and Chief Executive Officer (President and CEO since 1 January 2024; succeeded Peter Rockandel) Chair: Adam Lundin, Chair of the Board
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Lundin Mining: Chair Adam Lundin; President & CEO Jack Lundin; and the executive team for operations (Chile, Brazil, Europe, North America), finance, technical services and growth projects (Vicuña / Josemaría and Filo del Sol, in partnership with BHP from 2025). Other published executive officers include the Senior Vice Presidents for Operations, Technical Services, Exploration and Corporate Development as listed at lundinmining.com (October 2026); names beyond CEO and Chair are not carried in-cell — stated plainly
Business: Copper mining as the core (Chile, Brazil); zinc and nickel (Portugal, Sweden, USA); gold and silver by-products; the Vicuña district copper-gold-silver project (Argentina / Chile) through the 2025 joint venture with BHP (Lundin Mining 50%).
Customers: Copper, zinc and nickel concentrates to smelters, refiners and traders in Europe, Asia and the Americas; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$4.13 billion, calendar 2024 (Lundin Mining Annual Report 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Copper production 303 kt in 2024; gold 369 thousand ounces; zinc 192 kt and nickel 7 kt in 2024 (Lundin Mining 2024 production results, company basis including Caserones from acquisition) Flagship mines: Candelaria (Chile, 80%); Caserones (Chile, 70% after the 2024 JX sell-down step); Chapada (Brazil); Neves-Corvo (Portugal); Zinkgruvan (Sweden); Eagle (USA — Michigan); Vicuña / Josemaría and Filo del Sol (Argentina / Chile, 50% with BHP)
Footprint: Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Portugal, Sweden and the United States Headquarters: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (headquarters since 2023; full street address Not published in sources consulted for this edition)
Structure: Listed (TSX: LUN; Nasdaq Stockholm: LUMI). The Lundin family trusts are the largest shareholders (about 13–15%); no controlling shareholder. President / COO: Jack Lundin holds the combined President and CEO title; no separate COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: Not disclosed — the CFO was not verified by name from an official source for this edition; see Named Gaps
Website: lundinmining.com · Contact: Not published — Lundin Mining routes investor enquiries through lundinmining.com; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations via lundinmining.com; supplier entry via its country operation pages; no published general email
A family mining house in its third generation: the Lundin name runs from Swedish zinc to the Vicuña district — potentially the largest copper-gold development of the coming decade, now shared with BHP. The BHP–Lundin Vicuña joint venture (Filo Corp acquisition and Josemaría / Filo del Sol combination) completed in January 2025 (company releases) and is the group's principal growth story. CFO name is a named gap for this edition.
Sources: Lundin Mining Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production results; Lundin Mining CEO succession release, 2 Oct 2023 (Jack Lundin from 1 Jan 2024); Vicuña joint-venture completion releases, Jan 2025 (lundinmining.com)
IRON ORE
20. VALE — RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
Founded 1942 (Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Itabira, Brazil, by the Brazilian state; privatised 1997) · Iron ore
Leader: Gustavo Pimenta, Chief Executive Officer (CEO since 1 October 2024, succeeding Eduardo Bartolomeo; the appointment was confirmed in Vale's 2026 Extel-award reporting, which named Pimenta Best CEO and Marcelo Bacci Best CFO) Chair: Daniel André Stieler, Chairman of the Board
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Vale: Chairman Daniel Stieler; CEO Gustavo Pimenta; CFO Marcelo Bacci; and executive vice presidents for iron ore, base metals (through the Vale Base Metals subsidiary headquartered in Toronto), projects, sustainability, people and legal. EVPs named in Vale's published roster include the heads of Iron Ore Operations, Vale Base Metals (CEO Shaun Usmar, appointed 2024 for the base-metals subsidiary), Sustainability, People and Legal — as published at vale.com (October 2026)
Business: Iron ore mining, pelletising and logistics (railways, ports and shipping) in Brazil; base metals — nickel (Canada, Indonesia, Brazil), copper (Brazil, Canada) — through Vale Base Metals; energy and decarbonisation ventures, including green-iron and Mega Hub partnerships in the Middle East.
Customers: Steelmakers in China (about half of iron-ore sales), Japan, Korea, Europe and the Middle East, under term and spot sales; nickel and copper to stainless, battery and smelting customers; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Net operating revenue US$38.1 billion, calendar 2024 (Vale Annual Report / Form 20-F 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Iron ore production 328 Mt in 2024 — the world's largest, at its highest since 2018 (Vale 2024 production report); pellets 37 Mt; nickel 160 kt and copper 348 kt in 2024 (company reporting) Flagship mines: Carajás complex and S11D (Brazil — Pará, the world's largest iron-ore mine); Northern and Southeastern Systems — Itabira, Brucutu, Mariana (Brazil — Minas Gerais); Voisey's Bay, Sudbury and Thompson nickel (Canada); Sorowako and Pomalaa nickel (Indonesia); Onça Puma nickel and Salobo and Sossego copper (Brazil); Tubarão and Ponta da Madeira ports and the Carajás and Vitória-Minas railways (Brazil)
Footprint: Brazil, Canada, Indonesia, Oman (pelletising and distribution), Malaysia (Teluk Rubiah distribution centre) and the United Kingdom (Vale Base Metals / commercial offices) Headquarters: Praia de Botafogo 186, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Vale's published headquarters)
Structure: Listed (B3: VALE3; NYSE: VALE). Vale has had no controlling shareholder since the Valepar agreement ended in 2020; Brazilian pension funds (Previ) and the Mitsui and Cosan interests are significant holders. President / COO: No President or COO title separate from the CEO is published; Executive Vice Presidents lead Iron Ore, Base Metals (Vale Base Metals, chaired separately with its own CEO for the Canada–Indonesia–Brazil business) and corporate functions — stated plainly CFO: Marcelo Bacci, Executive Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations (Chief Financial Officer)
Website: vale.com · Contact: Not published — Vale routes enquiries through vale.com contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: +55 21 3485 3900 (Rio de Janeiro head office, as published by Vale) Access: Investor relations via the contact page at vale.com; supplier entry via Vale's procurement portal; no email is reproduced here because none was verified from a current official source for this edition
Iron ore's sovereign: the largest producer on earth, owner of the Carajás system and of S11D, and — through its railways and ports — a logistics state within the Brazilian state, still remaking itself after Brumadinho. Vale Base Metals was reorganised as a separately governed subsidiary (Toronto) from 2023, with external-investor discussions reported but no sale completed at October 2026 — carried as a subsidiary, not a separate entry. Mariana final settlement (2024) and Brumadinho reparation are described in Vale's 20-F.
Sources: Vale Form 20-F / Annual Report 2024 and 2024 production report (vale.com); Vale CEO appointment releases, 2024 (Pimenta from 1 Oct 2024); Extel Latin America Executive Team 2026 reporting on Vale's CEO and CFO, Aug 2026
21. FORTESCUE — PERTH, AUSTRALIA
Founded 2003 (as Fortescue Metals Group, Perth, Australia, by Andrew Forrest) · Iron ore
Leader: No single group CEO title is published. Executive Chairman: Andrew Forrest (founder). Chief Executive, Metals and Operations: Dino Otranto (expanded role from 1 July 2025, including electrification, decarbonisation and hydrogen products). Chief Executive, Growth and Energy: Agustín (Gus) Pichot (from 1 July 2025) — Fortescue leadership announcements, 2025 Chair: Andrew Forrest, Executive Chairman (founder); Deputy Chairman: Mark Barnaba
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Fortescue: Executive Chairman Andrew Forrest; Deputy Chairman Mark Barnaba; CEO Metals & Operations Dino Otranto; CEO Growth & Energy Gus Pichot; CFO Apple Paget; and the executive team for metals, energy, technology and corporate functions. Other published executives include the General Counsel and Company Secretaries and the heads of Metals operations, Decarbonisation and Fortescue Zero — as listed at fortescue.com (October 2026); the Energy CEO role was retired in the July 2025 changes (Mark Hutchinson moved to senior adviser)
Business: Iron ore mining, rail and port operations in the Pilbara (four mining hubs and the Iron Bridge magnetite operation); green energy — hydrogen, ammonia and battery and electric-powertrain technology (Fortescue Zero, United Kingdom and Australia); exploration in Australia, Gabon (Belinga) and the Americas.
Customers: Steelmakers in China (the majority of shipments), Japan, Korea and South East Asia, under term contracts and spot sales; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$15.5 billion, FY2025 (year ended 30 June 2025) (Fortescue Annual Report 2025)
Commodities & flagship mines: Iron ore shipments 198.4 Mt in FY2025 and production of 200.3 Mt including Iron Bridge magnetite concentrate (Fortescue FY2025 reporting); guidance and cost position (C1 costs among the world's lowest) as published in its FY2025 results Flagship mines: Chichester Hub — Cloudbreak and Christmas Creek (Australia); Western Hub — Eliwana and Solomon (Australia); Hedland operations and the Herb Elliott Port and Anderson Point berths, Port Hedland (Australia); Iron Bridge magnetite (Australia); Belinga iron ore project (Gabon, exploration and early works)
Footprint: Australia (Pilbara operations; green-energy manufacturing in Queensland and the UK) and Gabon; energy and exploration projects in Norway, Morocco, Argentina and the United States at study stage Headquarters: Level 2, 256 St Georges Terrace, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia (Fortescue Centre, as published)
Structure: Listed (ASX: FMG). Founder Andrew Forrest's Tattarang / Minderoo interests hold about 36–37%; the balance is free float. President / COO: No President or COO title is published at group level following the July 2025 leadership refinement; the two chief executives (Metals & Operations; Growth & Energy) report to the Board through the Executive Chairman — stated plainly CFO: Apple Paget, Chief Financial Officer (CFO since 2024)
Website: fortescue.com · Contact: Not published — Fortescue routes enquiries through fortescue.com contact pages; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations and media via fortescue.com; supplier entry via its procurement pages; no published general email
The challenger that stayed a challenger: the only major still led day-to-day by its founder, run without a group CEO since 2025 through two chief executives under an executive chairman, and the loudest voice in world mining for green iron and the elimination of Scope 1 and 2 emissions ('Real Zero' by 2030 for its Australian operations). Leadership structure verified to the July 2025 refinement (Otranto expanded; Pichot appointed CEO Growth & Energy; Energy CEO retired) — any single-CEO description of Fortescue in older sources is out of date and is not used here.
Sources: Fortescue Annual Report 2025 and FY2025 results; Fortescue leadership-change announcements, 2025 (Otranto / Pichot, effective 1 Jul 2025) (fortescue.com); company leadership pages, Oct 2026
22. KUMBA IRON ORE — CENTURION, SOUTH AFRICA
Founded 2006 (unbundled from Kumba Resources by Anglo American, South Africa; mining roots at Sishen from 1953) · Iron ore
Leader: Mpumi Zikalala, Chief Executive (CEO since January 2022; the first woman to lead Kumba) Chair: Chairman of the Board: Not disclosed — the chair was not verified by name from an official source for this edition; see Named Gaps
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Kumba: CEO Mpumi Zikalala; CFO Bothwell Mazarura; and the executive committee for operations, projects, sustainability, people and corporate affairs. Leadership is appointed by the Kumba board, with Anglo American as controlling shareholder. Other published executive officers include the Executive Heads for Safety & Sustainable Development, Human Resources, Technical and Projects as listed on Kumba's site (October 2026); names beyond CEO and CFO are not carried in-cell — stated plainly
Business: Iron ore mining at Sishen and Kolomela (Northern Cape) — high-grade lump and fine ore; rail (the 861 km Sishen–Saldanha line, shared with Transnet) and port export through Saldanha Bay; the Ultra High Dense Media Separation (UHDMS) project at Sishen to lift product quality and life.
Customers: Steelmakers in China, Europe, Japan, Korea and the Middle East buying premium lump and fines, substantially through Anglo American's marketing organisation; published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue ZAR 68.5 billion, calendar 2024 (Kumba Iron Ore Annual Results 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Iron ore production 35.7 Mt and sales 36.3 Mt in 2024 (Kumba 2024 results), at an average lump premium among the highest of seaborne suppliers; Transnet rail constraints capped volumes below nameplate in 2023–25 (company reporting) Flagship mines: Sishen (South Africa — one of the world's largest open-pit iron-ore mines); Kolomela (South Africa); the Sishen–Saldanha export rail line and Saldanha Bay port (South Africa, with Transnet)
Footprint: South Africa only (Northern Cape mines; Gauteng head office; Western Cape port) Headquarters: Centurion Gate 2B, 124 Akkerboom Avenue, Centurion, 0157, South Africa (Kumba's published head office)
Structure: Listed (JSE: KIO). Anglo American holds about 70%; the Industrial Development Corporation and free float hold the balance. President / COO: No President or COO title is published; operations are led by the Executive Head of Operations and the mine general managers at Sishen and Kolomela — stated plainly CFO: Bothwell Mazarura, Chief Financial Officer
Website: angloamericankumba.co.za · Contact: Not published — Kumba routes investor enquiries through angloamericankumba.co.za; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations via angloamericankumba.co.za and Anglo American's investor pages; supplier entry via Kumba's procurement pages; no published general email
A one-province pure play with a world-class orebody: premium lump from two mines, a dedicated heavy-haul railway, and a production ceiling set less by geology than by the state railway that carries its ore. Board chair name and switchboard are named gaps for this edition. Kumba's volumes are reported by Anglo American within its premium iron ore segment (see Anglo American entry, Q3 2026 report).
Sources: Kumba Iron Ore Annual Results 2024 and Integrated Report 2024 (angloamericankumba.co.za); Anglo American production reports, 2025–26; company leadership pages, Oct 2026
COAL & DIVERSIFIED CONTEXT
23. PEABODY ENERGY — ST. LOUIS, UNITED STATES
Founded 1883 (Chicago, USA, by Francis Stuyvesant Peabody) · Coal & diversified context
Leader: Jim Grech, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO since June 2021) Chair: Bob Malone, Chairman of the Board
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Peabody: Chairman Bob Malone; President & CEO Jim Grech; CFO Mark Spurbeck; and executive vice presidents for legal, people, and the US thermal, Powder River Basin and Australian seaborne segments. Other published executive officers include the EVP and Chief Legal Officer (Scott Jarboe) and the segment presidents for US and Australian operations — as published at peabodyenergy.com (October 2026)
Business: Thermal coal mining for power generation (Powder River Basin and Illinois Basin, USA; Hunter Valley, Australia); metallurgical coal (Queensland, Australia, and Alabama, USA — Shoal Creek); coal trading and brokerage; mine-mouth and seaborne supply contracts.
Customers: Electric utilities in the United States and Asia (thermal coal under term contracts); steelmakers in Asia and India (metallurgical coal); published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue US$4.24 billion, calendar 2024 (Peabody Form 10-K 2024)
Commodities & flagship mines: Coal sales of about 118 million tons in 2024 across thermal and metallurgical segments (Peabody 2024 results, company basis); the Powder River Basin (North Antelope Rochelle) is the largest coal mine in the United States Flagship mines: North Antelope Rochelle (USA — Wyoming, the largest US coal mine); Caballo and Rawhide (USA); Twentymile (USA — Colorado); Wambo and Wilpinjong (Australia — New South Wales); Coppabella, Moorvale and Millennium (Australia — Queensland, metallurgical); Shoal Creek (USA — Alabama, metallurgical); Centurion mine (Australia — Queensland, in development / restart)
Footprint: United States (Wyoming, Illinois, Indiana, Colorado, Arizona, Alabama) and Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) Headquarters: 701 Market Street, Suite 700, St. Louis, Missouri 63101, United States (Peabody Plaza, as published)
Structure: Widely held public company (NYSE: BTU). No controlling shareholder; Elliott Investment Management has been a significant holder since the 2017 relisting. President / COO: Jim Grech holds the combined President and CEO title; segment presidents lead Seaborne Thermal, Seaborne Metallurgical, PRB and Other US Thermal — no separate COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: Mark Spurbeck, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Website: peabodyenergy.com · Contact: Not published — Peabody routes enquiries through peabodyenergy.com contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations and media via peabodyenergy.com; supplier entry via its procurement pages; no published general email
America's coal champion in the energy-transition era: the largest US producer, a Powder River Basin cost leader, and — after the 2025 termination of the Anglo coal purchase — a company that chose its balance sheet over becoming the world's steelmaking-coal consolidator. Anglo transaction: Peabody terminated the purchase of Anglo American's steelmaking coal business in August 2025 following the March 2025 Moranbah North event and arbitration followed; Anglo American subsequently agreed a sale to Dhilmar for up to US$3.875 billion, on track to complete by Q1 2027 (Anglo American Q3 2026 report). Carried here as context, from both companies' releases.
Sources: Peabody Form 10-K 2024 and 2024 results; Peabody releases on the Anglo American transaction and its termination, 2024–25 (peabodyenergy.com); Anglo American Q3 2026 production report, 20 Oct 2026
24. WHITEHAVEN COAL — SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Founded 1999 (New South Wales, Australia) · Coal & diversified context
Leader: Paul Flynn, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (CEO since 2013) Chair: John Conde, Chairman
Leadership: Senior leadership as published by Whitehaven: Chairman John Conde; Managing Director & CEO Paul Flynn; CFO Kevin Ball; and executive general managers for operations (including the Queensland business acquired in 2024), development, trading, people and legal. Other published executives include the EGM Operations, EGM Development & Trading and the General Counsel and Company Secretary (Timothy McPherson) — as published at whitehavencoal.com.au (October 2026)
Business: Open-cut and underground coal mining in New South Wales (thermal and semi-soft coking) and Queensland (Blackwater — steelmaking coal; Daunia — metallurgical); coal marketing to Asian utilities and steelmakers; development projects (Vickery, Winchester South, Narrabri Stage 3).
Customers: Steelmakers in Japan, Korea, India and Taiwan (Blackwater and Maules Creek metallurgical and PCI coals); power utilities in Japan, Korea and South East Asia (thermal coal); published categories only — customer lists are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue A$5.80 billion, FY2025 (year ended 30 June 2025) (Whitehaven Annual Report 2025) — the first full year including Blackwater and Daunia
Commodities & flagship mines: Managed run-of-mine production of about 39 Mt in FY2025 and managed coal sales of about 31 Mt (Whitehaven FY2025 reporting, approximate on the managed basis stated in its production reports); metallurgical coal became the majority of revenue after the Queensland acquisition Flagship mines: Blackwater (Australia — Queensland, one of the world's largest steelmaking-coal mines); Daunia (Australia — Queensland); Maules Creek, Narrabri, Tarrawonga and Werris Creek (Australia — New South Wales); Vickery project (Australia — approved, in development)
Footprint: Australia only (New South Wales and Queensland) Headquarters: Level 28, 259 George Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia (Whitehaven's published head office)
Structure: Listed (ASX: WHC). No controlling shareholder; founders and board interests are modest, with institutions the largest holders. President / COO: Paul Flynn holds the combined Managing Director and CEO title; an Executive General Manager structure leads Operations, Development and Commercial — no separate COO title is published — stated plainly CFO: Kevin Ball, Chief Financial Officer
Website: whitehavencoal.com.au · Contact: Not published — Whitehaven routes enquiries through whitehavencoal.com.au contact and investor pages; no general email is published Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations and media via whitehavencoal.com.au; supplier entry via its procurement pages; no published general email
The consolidator of Australian coal: in one 2024 transaction Whitehaven took BHP's two great Bowen Basin mines, sold minority stakes to Japanese steelmakers, and rebalanced a thermal-coal company into a steelmaking-coal major. Production and sales are stated on Whitehaven's managed (100%) basis as in its production reports; equity-basis figures in the annual report differ and are not blended here.
Sources: Whitehaven Coal Annual Report 2025 and FY2025 production reports (whitehavencoal.com.au); Whitehaven completion releases for the Blackwater / Daunia acquisition, Apr 2024, and Blackwater sell-downs, 2024–25
25. COAL INDIA — KOLKATA, INDIA
Founded 1975 (as Coal India Limited, Kolkata, India, by the Government of India; coal nationalisation 1971–73) · Coal & diversified context
Leader: Chairman-cum-Managing Director (the company's chief-executive office): P. M. Prasad held the office to 31 October 2025. The successor appointed by the Government of India was not verified by name from an official Coal India source for this edition — see Named Gaps; this is the one CEO seat in the guide carried as unverified Chair: The Chairman-cum-Managing Director combines the chair and chief-executive offices (see CEO field)
Leadership: Leadership is appointed by the Government of India: the Chairman-cum-Managing Director, functional directors and the CMDs of the eight subsidiaries. Selection runs through the Public Enterprises Selection Board and the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet — the only state-appointment model in this guide, stated as published by Coal India and the Ministry of Coal. Other board members are the functional directors (Marketing, Operations, Technical, Personnel & Industrial Relations) and government and independent directors, as listed at coalindia.in; subsidiary CMDs lead the eight producing subsidiaries (including Eastern Coalfields, Bharat Coking Coal, Central Coalfields, Northern Coalfields, Western Coalfields, South Eastern Coalfields, Mahanadi Coalfields and Central Mine Planning & Design Institute)
Business: Coal mining (439 mines — underground, opencast and mixed — through eight subsidiaries); washed coal and coal beneficiation; coal imports trading at the margin; diversification into solar power, fertiliser revival projects, coal gasification and critical minerals, as directed by government policy.
Customers: Indian power utilities (about 80% of dispatch, under fuel supply agreements), steel, cement, fertiliser and sponge-iron industries, and e-auction buyers; published categories only — customer lists beyond the FSA framework are Not disclosed
Scale: Revenue from operations ₹1,43,741 crore (about US$17 billion) in FY2024-25 (year ended 31 March 2025) (Coal India Annual Report 2024-25)
Commodities & flagship mines: Coal production 781.1 million tonnes in FY2024-25 (Coal India annual reporting) — the largest of any company in the world; offtake 762 million tonnes in the same year Flagship mines: Gevra and Kusmunda (South Eastern Coalfields — among the world's largest open-cast coal mines); Dipka (SECL); Bina and Jayant (Northern Coalfields); Mahanadi Coalfields' Talcher and Ib Valley fields; Bharat Coking Coal's Jharia field (prime coking coal)
Footprint: India only — eight coal-producing states, principally Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Assam Headquarters: Coal Bhawan, Premise No. 04 MAR, Plot No. AF-III, Action Area 1A, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700156, India (Coal India's published headquarters)
Structure: Listed (NSE/BSE: COALINDIA). The Government of India holds about 63%; the balance is public float. A Maharatna public-sector enterprise under the Ministry of Coal. President / COO: Functional Directors lead Operations, Marketing, Technical, Personnel and Finance, appointed by the Government of India on the recommendation of the Public Enterprises Selection Board — no President or COO title exists — stated plainly CFO: Director (Finance): the finance director's name was not verified from an official source for this edition — see Named Gaps
Website: coalindia.in · Contact: Not published — Coal India publishes contact routes at coalindia.in; no general email was verified for this edition Phone: Not published — no head-office switchboard number was verified from an official source for this edition Access: Investor relations and public information via coalindia.in; procurement through the Government of India's GeM portal and Coal India tenders; no published general email verified
Scale beyond the market's imagination: a single state company producing more than twice the coal of the largest Western major, priced by policy rather than by the seaborne market, and the foundation of roughly 70% of India's electricity. LEADERSHIP GAP STATED PLAINLY: the Chairman-cum-Managing Director succession after P. M. Prasad's term ended on 31 October 2025 could not be verified from an official Coal India source at the time of compilation; press reporting of a government appointment is not carried as fact here. See README Named Gaps.
Sources: Coal India Annual Report 2024-25 and coalindia.in leadership and results pages, Oct 2026 (succession unverified — see Notes); Ministry of Coal reporting on FY2024-25 production
NAMED GAPS
Anglo American – Teck merger (status, not a gap in the data): Announced 9 September 2025 as a merger of equals to form Anglo Teck; NOT completed at October 2026. Anglo American's Q3 2026 production report (20 October 2026) records China's SAMR approval as the final outstanding regulatory milestone and expected completion by March 2027 unchanged. Teck is therefore a separate entry; on completion it will be folded into Anglo American / Anglo Teck.
Coal India — Chairman-cum-Managing Director: P. M. Prasad held the office to 31 October 2025. The government-appointed successor could not be verified by name from an official Coal India source at compilation; press reporting is not carried as fact. The Director (Finance) name is likewise unverified. This is the one CEO seat of the 25 carried as unverified (CEO verification 24/25).
Norilsk Nickel (Nornickel) — verification graded weaker: English-language disclosure has contracted since 2022; the shares trade only in Moscow. Figures rest on the company's own FY2024 IFRS release (10 February 2025); no FY2025 full-year figure was verified. Individual executive titles beyond President Vladimir Potanin and CFO Sergei Malyshev are stated only as published there.
CMOC Group — CFO and full executive roster: No group CFO was verified by name from an official English-language source; Zijin Mining's CFO (Wu Hongxian) rests on the annual-report roster. Both Chinese majors publish thinner English-language C-suite disclosure than Western-listed peers, and their entries say so in-cell.
KGHM — Supervisory Board chair and finance vice-president: President Andrzej Szydlo is verified; the Supervisory Board chair and the Management Board's finance vice-president were not verified by name from an official English-language source for this edition.
Lundin Mining — CFO; Kumba Iron Ore — board chair: Neither name was verified from an official source for this edition; both cells say so rather than carrying a name from a data aggregator.
Newmont — CFO interim; 2025 revenue basis: At the 1 January 2026 executive-officers filing the CFO seat was interim (Peter Wexler, also Chief Legal Officer). The audited 2024 revenue basis (US$18.7 billion) is carried; 2025 revenue was reported at record levels in results coverage but is not carried as a headline figure here.
Rio Tinto — revenue basis: Calendar-2024 revenue (US$53.7 billion, Annual Report 2024) is carried; no later full-year audited figure is asserted.
Contact emails and switchboards: Only Antofagasta (investor and media emails published in its results releases) and KGHM (ir@kghm.com, published in its investor release) publish direct emails carried in this guide; every other entry prints 'Not published' with the company's own contact route. Published head-office phones are carried for 11 of 25; the rest are 'Not published' in-cell — never guessed.
Barrick Mining — regional executive names: A March 2026 leadership overhaul changed several regional and corporate-development roles; beyond Chairman John Thornton, President & CEO Mark Hill and CFO Graham Shuttleworth, this edition directs readers to the 2026 management circular (27 March 2026) rather than freezing a moving roster.
Southern Copper and First Quantum — street addresses: Southern Copper's Phoenix corporate address is carried on its SEC-filing basis with its Lima and Mexico City operating centres stated; First Quantum's Vancouver street address is 'Not published' in-cell.
By design — peers not carried as rows: South32, Fresnillo, Harmony Gold, Sibanye Stillwater, Pan American Silver, Hudbay, Eramet, SQM and Albemarle (lithium), BHP's former coal assets' buyer Dhilmar, and the great state miners (Codelco, Saudi Ma'aden, India's NMDC) are the principal peers held out of a 25-company roster weighted to listed majors; Glencore's coal book and Peabody's terminated Anglo purchase are covered inside their entries, and state ownership is represented by Coal India and by majority-state-influenced KGHM.