Every glass of water in the world arrives through one of four machines. In Paris and Madrid it is the concession: a private house — Veolia, SUEZ, Aqualia, SAUR — running a city's water under contract for a generation. In Camden, New Jersey and Coventry it is the regulated asset: a listed utility, American Water or Severn Trent, earning a return set by a regulator on every pipe it lays. In Singapore and Sydney it is the state itself, in the form of PUB and Sydney Water, owning the whole loop from catchment to tap. And underneath all three sit the technology houses — Xylem's pumps, Pentair's filters, Kurita's ultrapure plants for the chip fabs — without whom none of the other machines turn. This guide maps all four, worldwide, at full depth.

The list covers 25 companies: 7 municipal-services operators, 11 regulated utilities, 3 water-technology companies and 4 state or municipal utilities. For each: its named chief executive and chair with their exact published titles, verified current at October 2026 — including the year's successions at SUEZ, Severn Trent, Manila Water, Pennon, Sydney Water and Beijing Enterprises Water Group; its ownership and structure, with SUEZ's post-2022 settlement, SABESP's 2024 privatisation and Thames Water's dated, neutral financial record stated plainly; its business lines in full; its customers by category; its revenue with its year, basis and source; the people it serves and the networks it runs, each dated; its footprint, headquarters and the published route to reach it. Where a field is not published it says so in the entry — the gaps are named at the end, not buried.

MUNICIPAL-SERVICES OPERATOR

1. VEOLIA (VEOLIA ENVIRONNEMENT — WATER ACTIVITIES) — PARIS (AUBERVILLIERS), FRANCE

Founded 1853 (Compagnie Générale des Eaux); 2003 (Veolia Environnement name) · Municipal-services operator

Leader: Estelle Brachlianoff, Chief Executive Officer (since 1 July 2022; confirmed in the role by the Board on 23 April 2026) Chair: Antoine Frérot, Chairman of the Board of Directors (reappointed 23 April 2026; the Board noted he reaches the articles' age limit in 2028 and that succession planning will run in 2026–27)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — Veolia publishes no President or Chief Operating Officer title at group level; operations are led through the Executive Committee and zone directors CFO: Arnaud Caudoux, Deputy Chief Executive Officer in charge of Finance (group finance lead, as published in Veolia governance material) Executive Committee as published by Veolia, including the Chief Executive Officer, the Deputy CEO Finance and the directors of the geographic zones and of strategy, innovation and sustainable development; full roster on veolia.com governance pages Board of 15 directors (April 2026 general meeting), including Pierre-André de Chalendar as Senior Independent Director; Executive Committee published on veolia.com

Business: Drinking water production and distribution under municipal concessions and delegated-management contracts; wastewater collection and treatment; water reuse; desalination (including through Veolia's water-technologies activities); industrial water and wastewater services; alongside the group's waste and energy activities, which are outside this guide's water scope but form part of group revenue

Customers: Municipalities and intercommunal authorities; industrial clients; residents served under municipal contracts (categories as published by Veolia)

Scale: Group consolidated revenue €44.7 billion, FY2024 (Veolia Environnement annual results, 2025) — group figure covering water, waste and energy; Veolia does not publish a standalone water-only revenue in the sources consulted

People served & networks: 111 million people supplied with drinking water and 98 million with sanitation, 2024 (Veolia group reporting) Networks: Networks are operated under thousands of municipal contracts worldwide and are not published as a single group km total — Not published as a consolidated figure; contract-level networks are reported by country operations

Footprint: Five continents; about 215,000 employees group-wide (2024); water operations in Europe, North and Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific Headquarters: 30 rue Madeleine Vionnet, 93300 Aubervilliers, France (Veolia registered/head office as published)

Structure: Listed on Euronext Paris (VIE); widely held institutional shareholding, no controlling shareholder; employee shareholding scheme among the largest holders Access: Municipal and industrial tenders and concessions; investor and corporate contact via veolia.com; country water operations trade under local Veolia names

Website: veolia.com · Contact: Phone: +33 1 71 75 00 00 (group headquarters switchboard, as published by Veolia) Email: Not published — Veolia routes enquiries through veolia.com contact forms and country pages; no general email is published

Founded in 1853 as Compagnie Générale des Eaux to supply water to French cities, the group became the water arm of Vivendi, was renamed Veolia Environnement in 2003 and completed the integration of the former SUEZ water and waste activities acquired under the 2021–22 Veolia–SUEZ agreement in 2022–23. The board confirmed in April 2026 that the SUEZ integration was successfully completed. The world's largest water-services operator by people served in this guide, and the acquirer of the larger part of the former SUEZ under the 2022 settlement — the transaction that reshaped the global municipal water market Framing note: Veolia is a multi-utility (water, waste, energy). This entry covers the group because its water activities are the largest in the guide; group revenue is labelled as a group figure wherever used. The 2026 general meeting renewed both the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer for four-year terms to the 2030 meeting on FY2029 accounts.

Sources: Veolia press releases on the 23 April 2026 general meeting and the November 2025 board renewal proposal (veolia.com); Veolia FY2024 results and group reporting (veolia.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

2. SUEZ — PARIS (COURBEVOIE, LA DÉFENSE), FRANCE

Founded 1858 (Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez origins); 2015 (present SUEZ group formed); 2022 (present ownership under the Veolia–SUEZ settlement) · Municipal-services operator

Leader: Xavier Girre, Chief Executive Officer (appointed by the Board on 6 June 2025, in office from 1 July 2025; previously EDF Group Senior Executive Vice President and a SUEZ director since June 2023) Chair: Thierry Déau, Chairman of the Board of Directors (founder and CEO of Meridiam; named as Chairman in SUEZ's June 2025 CEO appointment release)

Leadership: President / COO: Pierre Pauliac, Executive Vice President, International (previously Chief Operating Officer Water and interim Co-CEO of the Group during the first half of 2025, per his published SUEZ biography) CFO: Nathalie Pivet, Executive Vice President, Group Chief Finance and Sustainable Development Officer (Executive Committee, as published by SUEZ) Executive Committee as published by SUEZ (2025–26): Xavier Girre, CEO; Arnaud Bazire, EVP Water France; Stéphanie Cau, EVP Group Communications; Jean-Pierre Fouilloux, EVP Engineering & Construction; Laurent-Guillaume Guerra, EVP Human Resources, Health & Safety; David Lamy, EVP Recycling & Recovery France; Anne-Sophie Le Lay, EVP Chief Legal Officer; Bénédicte Liénard, EVP Group Transformation; Pierre Pauliac, EVP International; Nathalie Pivet, EVP Finance and Sustainable Development; John Scanlon, EVP UK Board of Directors chaired by Thierry Déau, representing the consortium shareholders (Meridiam, GIP, Caisse des Dépôts/CNP) and employee shareholders; Executive Committee as listed under other_c_suite

Business: Drinking water production and distribution under municipal contracts; wastewater and sanitation services; desalination and water reuse engineering (through its engineering and construction activities, heir to Degrémont); industrial water services; digital water solutions; alongside waste and recycling activities within the same group

Customers: Municipalities and local authorities; industrial clients; residents served under municipal contracts (categories as published by SUEZ)

Scale: Revenue €9.5 billion, FY2025, +3.6% year on year (SUEZ full-year 2025 results, published 9 April 2026); EBITDA €1.5 billion FY2025 — group figure covering water and waste/recycling

People served & networks: 67 million people benefit from drinking water and 36 million from sanitation (SUEZ key figures, 2025, as published on suez.com) Networks: Not published as a single consolidated km figure; SUEZ reports contract and country networks operation by operation

Footprint: 40 countries; 40,000 employees (SUEZ key figures, 2025); strong positions in France and the United Kingdom and operations across Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas Headquarters: Tour CB21, 16 place de l'Iris, 92040 Paris La Défense (Courbevoie), France (SUEZ head office as published)

Structure: Privately held consortium (April 2025 published structure): Meridiam 38.3%, Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP) 38.3%, Caisse des Dépôts / CNP Assurances 18.8%, employees 4.4% — the ownership created by the 2022 settlement Access: Municipal tenders and delegated-service competitions in France, the UK and internationally; corporate contact via suez.com

Website: suez.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — no group switchboard is published on suez.com in sources consulted Email: Not published — SUEZ publishes a press contact (press department via suez.com newsroom) and country contact forms; no general customer email is published

SUEZ traces its origins to the Suez Canal company of 1858 and to Lyonnaise des Eaux (1880). The modern SUEZ was reshaped by the 2021–22 settlement of Veolia's takeover: Veolia acquired the listed former SUEZ's international scale, while a consortium acquired the French water and waste perimeter and selected international activities, relaunched as the new SUEZ on 1 February 2022. The structure is stated plainly here because the name now denotes a smaller, privately held group than the pre-2022 listed company. The second great French water house, reborn in 2022 as a privately held consortium-owned group after the Veolia settlement — smaller than its listed predecessor by design, and the clearest case in this guide of why structure must be read before scale Honest-structure note: pre-2022 SUEZ financial history (revenue of about €18 billion in 2019) belongs to the former listed group, most of which is now inside Veolia; it is not carried as this company's scale. Sabrina Soussan led SUEZ as CEO to early 2025; Pierre Pauliac and Yves Rannou acted as interim Co-CEOs in H1 2025 before Xavier Girre took office on 1 July 2025.

Sources: SUEZ press release, Appointment of Xavier Girre as CEO, 6 June 2025 (suez.com); SUEZ full-year 2025 results, 9 April 2026; SUEZ governance and key-figures pages (suez.com); Pierre Pauliac biography (suez.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

3. FCC AQUALIA (AQUALIA) — MADRID, SPAIN

Founded 2001 (Aqualia brand created within the FCC Group to unify its water activities) · Municipal-services operator

Leader: Santiago Lafuente Pérez-Lucas, Chief Executive Officer (in office from 9 April 2024; previously Aqualia's Director for Spain, succeeding Félix Parra, CEO 2013–24) Chair: Not published — Aqualia does not publish a separate chairman distinct from the FCC Group board in sources consulted; FCC Group Chairman is Esther Koplowitz (parent company, as published by FCC)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — Aqualia publishes regional management (including an Americas and Europe Area Manager) rather than a President/COO title CFO: Not published in sources consulted — Aqualia's finance leadership is not published as a named CFO roster on aqualia.com; stated plainly Published senior management includes the CEO, the Americas and Europe Area Manager (José Miguel Janices) and regional managers for Europe and the Americas (company appointment notices, 2025); a full named C-suite roster is not published — stated plainly Board of Directors of Aqualia (FCC/IFM shareholder representatives and executives); FCC Group board published on fcc.es

Business: End-to-end municipal water cycle under concessions: drinking water supply, wastewater treatment, desalination (including large plants in Spain, Algeria and the Middle East), industrial water services, and design-build-operate contracts

Customers: Municipalities (2,347 municipalities served, 2026 company reporting); industrial clients; residents under municipal concessions

Scale: Revenue €1.79 billion (about US$1.9 billion), FY2025 (Aqualia 25th-anniversary reporting, April 2026, citing company results)

People served & networks: Serves the population of 2,347 municipalities across 19 countries (Aqualia, April 2026); a single dated people-served total is published by the company in its sustainability material rather than in the release consulted — the municipality count is carried here as the dated figure Networks: Not published as a single consolidated km figure in sources consulted

Footprint: 19 countries across Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and the United States (entered the US market in Texas in 2024 through Municipal District Services); more than 14,400 employees (2026 reporting) Headquarters: Avenida Camino de Santiago 40, Las Tablas, 28050 Madrid, Spain (Aqualia head office as published)

Structure: FCC Group (Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, listed in Madrid) holds 51%; IFM Investors holds 49% (stake acquired 2018) Access: Municipal concessions and tenders, principally in Spain and Latin America; contact via aqualia.com and FCC Group channels

Website: aqualia.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — Aqualia publishes local office and contract contacts; no group switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — contact via aqualia.com forms and country offices; no general email is published

Aqualia was created in 2001 as the FCC Group's water brand, unifying water concessions and services built up since the 1980s, and grew from about 700 Spanish municipalities to an international operator. FCC sold a 49% stake in Aqualia to IFM Investors in 2018, retaining control within the FCC Group. Spain's largest water-cycle operator and the water arm of the FCC construction and services group — a concession specialist whose desalination portfolio reaches from Ibiza to Algeria and Corpus Christi, Texas Leadership gap named: Aqualia publishes its CEO and regional managers but no full C-suite or CFO roster; the cells say so rather than borrowing FCC Group officers.

Sources: Aqualia CEO appointment release, March 2024 (aqualia.com / Smart Water Magazine); Aqualia 25th-anniversary results reporting, April 2026; FCC Group reporting (fcc.es); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

4. SAUR GROUP — ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX (PARIS), FRANCE

Founded 1933 (Société d'Aménagement Urbain et Rural, founded by Pierre Crussard) · Municipal-services operator

Leader: Patrick Blethon, Executive Chairman (the group's chief executive role is held by the Executive Chairman; in office since 2020, as published across SAUR releases to 2026) Chair: Patrick Blethon, Executive Chairman (combined chair and executive lead, as published by SAUR)

Leadership: President / COO: Estelle Grelier, President of Saur France (the group's largest operating company, as published in SAUR's September 2025 Hydreaulys contract release); no group President/COO title is published CFO: Not published in sources consulted — SAUR does not publish a named group CFO roster on saur.com; stated plainly Executive leadership published by business: Saur France (Estelle Grelier, President), Stereau (engineering), Nijhuis Saur Industries (industrial water) and the international businesses; a single consolidated C-suite list is not published — stated plainly Executive Chairman Patrick Blethon and the group executive committee as described in SAUR's Mission Water 2030 strategy material (saur.com)

Business: Delegated drinking water and wastewater services for local authorities; engineering and construction of treatment plants (Stereau); industrial water treatment (Nijhuis Saur Industries); digital water services; leisure/water-park management is a legacy activity outside the water-utility scope

Customers: 9,200 local authorities and industrial clients (SAUR, 2024 reporting); residents under delegated contracts

Scale: Revenue €2.3 billion (over €2,317 million), FY2024 (SAUR group reporting, 2025)

People served & networks: 20 million consumers served (SAUR, 2024 reporting) Networks: Not published as a single consolidated km figure in sources consulted

Footprint: More than 25 countries (operations listed by SAUR include France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland, Cyprus, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and the United States); about 12,000 employees (2025) Headquarters: 11 quai du Président Roosevelt, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France (SAUR head office as published)

Structure: Owned by EQT Infrastructure (EQT AB, listed in Stockholm), acquired from the PAI/Bouygues-era shareholder structure in 2018; management shareholding alongside Access: French and international delegated-service tenders; industrial water via Nijhuis Saur Industries; contact via saur.com

Website: saur.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — SAUR publishes local service numbers for contract areas; no group switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — contact via saur.com forms; no general email is published

Founded in 1933 to build and operate water networks for French communes, SAUR became France's third water operator, was owned for a period by Bouygues, and has been owned by EQT Infrastructure since 2018, pursuing international expansion including the Nijhuis industrial-water business in the Netherlands. France's third water house and the first water company to issue blue bonds (2024, per SAUR) — an EQT-owned challenger built on delegated services for small and mid-sized communes that the two larger French groups historically underserve SAUR is the only French operator in this guide whose chief executive role is an Executive Chairmanship; the guide records the title exactly as SAUR publishes it.

Sources: SAUR group reporting and newsroom releases 2024–26 (saur.com), including the September 2025 Hydreaulys award naming Patrick Blethon, Executive Chairman, and Estelle Grelier, President of Saur France; SAUR 2024 results (€2.3 billion revenue, 12,000 employees, 20 million consumers); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

5. ACCIONA AGUA (ACCIONA) — MADRID (ALCOBENDAS), SPAIN

Founded 1866 (ACCIONA group origins); ACCIONA Agua as the group's water division built from the 2000s · Municipal-services operator

Leader: José Manuel Entrecanales Domecq, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of ACCIONA (parent group chief executive; the water division reports within ACCIONA's Infrastructure division) Chair: José Manuel Entrecanales Domecq, Chairman and CEO of ACCIONA (combined role at parent level, as published by ACCIONA)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — ACCIONA does not publish a President/COO title for its water division in sources consulted; divisional management sits within the Infrastructure division CFO: Not published for the water division — ACCIONA publishes group finance leadership at parent level (acciona.com governance pages); no water-division CFO title is published, stated plainly Parent-group executive committee published on acciona.com; water-division leadership is not published as a separate named C-suite roster in sources consulted — stated plainly ACCIONA Board of Directors and Executive Committee (acciona.com); Infrastructure division management includes the water business

Business: Desalination (design, build and operate — among the world's largest by installed capacity in company reporting); drinking water treatment; wastewater treatment and reuse; municipal water-cycle services and concessions; industrial water

Customers: Municipalities and state water authorities (notably in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Spain, Latin America and Australia); industrial clients

Scale: ACCIONA group revenue €19.19 billion, FY2024 (ACCIONA annual results) — parent-group figure; the water division's standalone revenue is reported within ACCIONA's Infrastructure division and is not carried here as a separate audited figure, stated plainly

People served & networks: Not published as a single dated people-served total for the water division in sources consulted; ACCIONA reports desalination and treatment capacity plant by plant Networks: Not published as a consolidated km figure; plants and concessions reported individually

Footprint: Water activities in more than 30 countries in company reporting, with landmark desalination operations in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Algeria, Spain, Chile, Peru, Mexico and Australia Headquarters: Avenida de Europa 18, Parque Empresarial La Moraleja, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain (ACCIONA head office as published)

Structure: Division of ACCIONA S.A. (listed, IBEX 35); the Entrecanales family is the controlling shareholder of the parent group Access: International tenders for desalination and treatment concessions, principally through state water authorities; contact via acciona.com

Website: acciona.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — ACCIONA publishes office contacts on acciona.com; no water-division switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — contact via acciona.com forms; no general email is published

ACCIONA's water business grew from Spanish concessions and desalination engineering into one of the world's largest desalination builders and operators, including the Al Khobar and Shuqaiq plants in Saudi Arabia. It operates as the water division of ACCIONA, the Madrid-listed infrastructure and renewable-energy group controlled by the Entrecanales family. A desalination-led operator inside a renewables and infrastructure group — included because its build-and-operate desalination fleet supplies whole cities, a different route to the same tap as the concession houses Named gap: ACCIONA reports water within its Infrastructure division; neither a water-only revenue nor a water-division C-suite is published, and this entry says so rather than estimating either.

Sources: ACCIONA annual results and governance pages (acciona.com); ACCIONA Agua project reporting (acciona.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

6. REMONDIS AQUA (REMONDIS GROUP) — LÜNEN, GERMANY

Founded 1934 (REMONDIS group origins, Rethmann family, Lünen); REMONDIS Aqua as the group's water division · Municipal-services operator

Leader: Not published as a separate Aqua CEO — REMONDIS is led by the Executive Board of REMONDIS SE & Co. KG; the group's published board is chaired within the Rethmann family structure (remondis.com). No Aqua-only chief executive title is published in sources consulted, stated plainly Chair: Ludger Rethmann, Chairman of the Executive Board of the Rethmann Group / REMONDIS board spokesman structure as published by the group (parent level)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — no President/COO title is published for REMONDIS Aqua in sources consulted CFO: Not published for the Aqua division — group finance sits with the REMONDIS Executive Board; no division CFO is published, stated plainly REMONDIS Executive Board members are published on remondis.com at group level; Aqua division management is published by regional operating companies rather than as a single roster — stated plainly Executive Board of REMONDIS SE & Co. KG and the Rethmann Group board (parent level, remondis.com)

Business: Municipal drinking water supply and wastewater disposal, frequently in public-private partnership companies with municipalities; industrial water and wastewater services; water network operation and maintenance; sludge and resource recovery within the wider group

Customers: Municipalities and municipal utilities (Stadtwerke partners); industrial clients; residents in PPP service areas

Scale: REMONDIS Group revenue is published by the Rethmann Group at group level only (recycling, services and water combined); no Aqua-only audited revenue is published — Not published, stated plainly rather than estimated

People served & networks: Not published as a single dated total for REMONDIS Aqua in sources consulted; services are reported by operating company and municipality Networks: Not published as a consolidated km figure; networks are held by the municipal PPP operating companies

Footprint: Water operations centred on Germany with activities in Poland, Türkiye, India and other markets in group reporting; REMONDIS Group operates in more than 30 countries across all divisions Headquarters: Brunnenstraße 138, 44536 Lünen, Germany (REMONDIS head office as published)

Structure: REMONDIS is a division of the Rethmann Group, owned by the Rethmann family (private); REMONDIS Aqua is wholly within the group Access: Municipal partnership tenders in Germany and Central Europe; contact via remondis-aqua.com

Website: remondis-aqua.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — REMONDIS publishes regional company contacts; no Aqua division switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — contact via remondis-aqua.com / remondis.com forms; no general email is published

The Rethmann family group built REMONDIS into one of the world's largest recycling, services and water groups. REMONDIS Aqua operates municipal water and wastewater utilities — many as public-private partnerships with German municipalities — and industrial water services, and expanded internationally including in Poland, Türkiye and India. The German PPP model in this guide: water run by mixed municipal-private companies in which the town keeps a stake — a structural counterpoint to the French concession and Anglo-Saxon regulated-asset models Named gap: REMONDIS does not publish Aqua-division leadership, revenue or people-served totals separately from the Rethmann Group; every such cell says so. The entry is retained because the PPP fleet is material to any honest map of European water.

Sources: REMONDIS and Rethmann Group pages (remondis.com; remondis-aqua.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

7. BEIJING ENTERPRISES WATER GROUP (BEWG) — BEIJING (WITH HONG KONG LISTING OFFICE), CHINA

Founded 1992 (incorporated in Bermuda; listed in Hong Kong, stock code 371); water business built from 2008 under Beijing Enterprises Holdings · Municipal-services operator

Leader: Wang Zhupin, Chief Executive Officer (appointed 27 March 2026, succeeding Zhou Min; previously Senior Vice President since September 2021 and rotating Chief Operating Officer since July 2024, per the company's HKEX announcement of 27 March 2026) Chair: Xiong Bin, Chairman of the Board (as published in BEWG's results announcements and 2025 sustainability reporting)

Leadership: President / COO: Zhou Min, Vice Chairman of the Board (re-designated from Chief Executive Officer on 27 March 2026); rotating COO arrangements are disclosed in company announcements rather than as a single President title CFO: Tung Woon Cheung Eric, executive director with finance responsibilities (as listed in BEWG board disclosures in HKEX filings); BEWG does not publish a standalone CFO title in the announcements consulted — the finance lead is recorded as published Executive directors as disclosed 27 March 2026: Xiong Bin (Chairman), Zhou Min (Vice Chairman), Li Haifeng, Li Yining, Zhang Wenjiang, Zhou Xueyan and Tung Woon Cheung Eric; non-executive director Yuan Jianwei; five independent non-executive directors (company announcement) Board of 13 directors (March 2026 composition, HKEX announcement); senior management including Senior Vice Presidents published in annual reports

Business: Sewage and reclaimed-water treatment and construction (core business); water distribution and supply; seawater desalination construction and operation; technical and consultancy services and machinery sales; urban resources services through the wider group

Customers: Municipal governments (concession counterparties); residents and industry in concession areas; nearly 10 million customers in company sustainability reporting

Scale: Revenue HK$25.11 billion trailing twelve months to December 2025 as compiled from company filings (market compilation of HKEX results); BEWG reports in RMB/HKD under HKEX — the filing basis is stated here rather than restated

People served & networks: Nearly 10 million customers, with services in 31 provinces and autonomous regions including Hong Kong and Taiwan and overseas business in 10 countries or regions (BEWG sustainability reporting, 2025) Networks: Treatment scale is reported as plant capacity (tonnes per day) across more than 100 prefecture-level cities rather than as mains km — Not published as a km figure; capacity is plant-by-plant in annual reports

Footprint: Headquarters functions in Beijing, Hong Kong and Hangzhou; operations in 31 provinces/regions of China and 10 overseas markets including Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Angola, Botswana, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan and Namibia (company reporting) Headquarters: Beijing head office as published on bewg.net; Hong Kong listing address in company filings (the group operates headquarters in Beijing, Hong Kong and Hangzhou, per its sustainability report)

Structure: Listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (371); largest shareholder lineage Beijing Enterprises Holdings Limited (Beijing municipal state-owned), with the concert-party arrangements disclosed in the company's 2025 interim report and March 2026 announcements Access: Investor relations via bewg.net and HKEX filings; municipal concessions are awarded by Chinese local governments under BOT/TOT/PPP tenders

Website: bewg.net · Contact: Phone: Not published — BEWG publishes investor-relations contacts on bewg.net and in HKEX filings; no general switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — contact via bewg.net investor relations; no general email is published

BEWG was built after 2008 as the water platform of Beijing Enterprises Holdings, the Beijing municipal government's Hong Kong-listed flagship, acquiring and building sewage and water plants across China under BOT, TOT and PPP contracts until its treatment scale ranked first in China's water industry in company reporting. The 'Beijing Capital' context in this guide is this municipal-state lineage: BEWG's controlling lineage runs to Beijing Enterprises Holdings and, ultimately, Beijing's state assets system, alongside the acting-in-concert shareholder arrangements disclosed in its Hong Kong filings. China's largest municipal sewage operator by treatment scale in its own reporting, and this guide's window on the Beijing municipal-capital model — a state-lineage listed platform run on concession contracts Leadership currency: the 27 March 2026 HKEX announcement is the controlling source — Wang Zhupin is CEO and Zhou Min is Vice Chairman as of this guide's October 2026 date; earlier sources naming Zhou Min as CEO are superseded and are not carried.

Sources: BEWG HKEX announcement, Re-designation of Vice Chairman and Appointment of Chief Executive Officer, 27 March 2026; BEWG Interim Report 2025 and 2025 sustainability report (bewg.net / HKEXnews); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

REGULATED UTILITY

8. AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY — CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY, UNITED STATES

Founded 1886 (founded in Pittsburgh as American Water Works and Guaranteed Securities Company) · Regulated utility

Leader: John C. Griffith, President and Chief Executive Officer (President from 1 August 2024; President and CEO from 14 May 2025, succeeding M. Susan Hardwick) Chair: Karl F. Kurz, Chair of the Board (Board Chair since 11 May 2018; independent director, per the company's 2026 proxy statement, which also records that Mr Kurz would remain Board Chair of the combined company under the merger agreement)

Leadership: President / COO: Cheryl Norton, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (as published in company leadership and results-call material to October 2026); the President title is held by the CEO CFO: David M. Bowler, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (as published in company filings to 2026) Executive leadership as published by American Water includes the President and CEO, EVP and CFO, EVP and COO and the presidents of the regulated state businesses and Military Services Group; full roster on ir.amwater.com governance pages Board of Directors chaired by Karl F. Kurz with John C. Griffith as the management director (2026 proxy statement); executive team as above

Business: Regulated drinking water and wastewater utility services; contracted services for military installations (Military Services Group, 18 installations in company reporting); market-based contracted operations and maintenance

Customers: Residential, commercial, industrial and other customers in about 1,700 communities (company reporting); US military installations under contract

Scale: Operating revenues US$4.68 billion, FY2024 (American Water Form 10-K) — regulated utility revenue basis

People served & networks: About 14 million people in 24 states (company reporting, 2025–26); about 3.5 million customer connections in regulated businesses Networks: Not published as a single dated mains/sewers km total in the sources consulted for this entry; system data is filed state by state with public utility commissions — stated plainly

Footprint: Regulated businesses in 14 states and services in 24 states (company reporting); headquarters in Camden, New Jersey Headquarters: 1 Water Street, Camden, NJ 08102, United States (American Water headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on NYSE (AWK); widely held, no controlling shareholder Access: Customer service via state subsidiaries (e.g., Pennsylvania American Water, New Jersey American Water); investor relations via ir.amwater.com

Website: amwater.com · Contact: Phone: +1 856 955 4000 (headquarters number as published by American Water) Email: Not published — American Water routes contact through amwater.com and state subsidiary customer channels; no general corporate email is published

Founded in 1886, American Water grew by acquiring local water systems into the largest regulated water and wastewater utility in the United States, listed on the New York Stock Exchange (AWK). On 27 October 2025 American Water and Essential Utilities announced an agreed all-stock merger to create a larger regulated water utility; the transaction was pending regulatory approvals at this guide's date, had received shareholder approval (February 2026 reporting) and a first state approval in Kentucky (2026 reporting), and both companies continue to be listed separately here because both remained independent listed companies in October 2026. The largest regulated water utility in the United States — and, with the pending Essential Utilities merger announced in October 2025, the centre of the largest consolidation in US water history if the transaction completes Merger status is recorded as pending at press time: announced 27 October 2025, shareholder-approved in February 2026 reporting, with state approvals in progress in 2026. Nothing in this entry treats the combined company as existing.

Sources: American Water 2026 proxy statement and board leadership pages (ir.amwater.com); American Water–Essential Utilities merger call and releases, 27 Oct 2025; American Water Form 10-K FY2024; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

9. ESSENTIAL UTILITIES — BRYN MAWR, PENNSYLVANIA, UNITED STATES

Founded 1968 (origins in the Philadelphia Suburban Water Company, 1882; Aqua America renamed Essential Utilities in 2020) · Regulated utility

Leader: Christopher H. Franklin, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (combined titles as published by Essential Utilities) Chair: Christopher H. Franklin, Chairman (combined Chairman, President and CEO role, as published)

Leadership: President / COO: Colleen Arnold, President, Aqua (regulated water and wastewater operations); Michael Huwar, President, Peoples (regulated natural gas) — divisional presidents as published; no separate group COO title is published CFO: Daniel J. Schuller, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (as published in company material to 2026) Christopher Luning, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary; divisional presidents Colleen Arnold (Aqua) and Michael Huwar (Peoples) — executive team as published by Essential Utilities, November 2025 leadership summaries and 2026 results calls Board of Directors chaired by the CEO; executive team as above (essential.co leadership pages)

Business: Regulated drinking water and wastewater services (Aqua, in 10 states in company reporting); regulated natural-gas distribution (Peoples) — the gas business is recorded for structure and is outside this guide's water scope except as it affects group scale

Customers: Households, municipalities and industry for water and wastewater; natural-gas customers of Peoples (categories as published)

Scale: Total operating revenues about US$2.1 billion, FY2024 (Essential Utilities Form 10-K) — group figure covering regulated water, wastewater and natural gas

People served & networks: About 5.5 million people across the platform in company reporting: Aqua serves about 3 million people with water and wastewater and Peoples serves gas customers in Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentucky Networks: Not published as a single dated mains/sewers km total in sources consulted; filed state by state with public utility commissions — stated plainly

Footprint: Water and wastewater in 10 states and natural gas in 3 states (company reporting); headquarters in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Headquarters: 762 West Lancaster Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, United States (Essential Utilities headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on NYSE (WTRG); widely held, no controlling shareholder Access: Customer service via Aqua state companies and Peoples; investor relations via essential.co

Website: essential.co · Contact: Phone: +1 610 527 8000 (headquarters number as published by Essential Utilities) Email: Not published — contact via essential.co and Aqua / Peoples customer channels; no general corporate email is published

Essential Utilities descends from Philadelphia Suburban Water Company (1882), became Aqua America, acquired the Peoples natural-gas business in 2020 and renamed itself Essential Utilities to reflect its water and gas regulated platform. It is the counterparty to the pending merger with American Water Works announced on 27 October 2025 (see the American Water entry); it remained an independent listed company at this guide's date. The second pole of US regulated water consolidation: a water-and-gas regulated platform whose agreed merger with American Water, announced in October 2025, would redraw the US map if approved Merger recorded as pending at press time (see American Water entry for milestones). Group revenue includes natural gas and is labelled as such wherever used.

Sources: Essential Utilities leadership summaries and Q1–Q2 2026 results-call material (essential.co); Essential Utilities Form 10-K FY2024; merger releases, 27 Oct 2025; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

10. CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP — SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES

Founded 1926 (California Water Service Company founded; group marks 100 years of service in 2026) · Regulated utility

Leader: Martin A. Kropelnicki, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (titles as published by the group, including its May 2026 sustainability-report release) Chair: Martin A. Kropelnicki, Chairman (combined Chairman, President and CEO role, as published)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published as a separate group President/COO distinct from the CEO in sources consulted; operating leadership sits with the California Water Service subsidiary officers published by the group — stated plainly CFO: James P. Lynch, Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (as published in group filings and leadership material) Group officers published on calwatergroup.com and in SEC filings, including the CFO/Treasurer and the chief administrative and regulatory officers; the full officer roster is filed with the group's annual proxy statement Board of Directors chaired by the CEO; officers as above (calwatergroup.com; SEC proxy filings)

Business: Regulated drinking water services; regulated wastewater services (including in Hawaii, New Mexico and Texas joint-venture operations); recycled water delivery (an estimated 2.6 billion gallons delivered in 2025, per the group's sustainability reporting)

Customers: Households, businesses and municipalities in the five service states (categories as published)

Scale: Operating revenues about US$1.04 billion, FY2024 (California Water Service Group Form 10-K)

People served & networks: More than 2.1 million people in California, Hawaii, New Mexico, Washington and Texas (group reporting, 2025) Networks: Not published as a single dated mains km total in sources consulted; system data is filed with state public utility commissions — stated plainly

Footprint: Five states through California Water Service, Hawaii Water Service, New Mexico Water Service, Washington Water Service and the Texas Water Service joint venture Headquarters: 1720 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95112, United States (group headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on NYSE (CWT); widely held, no controlling shareholder Access: Customer service via calwater.com and state subsidiaries; investor relations via calwatergroup.com

Website: calwatergroup.com · Contact: Phone: +1 408 367 8200 (headquarters number as published by California Water Service Group) Email: Not published — contact via calwatergroup.com and state subsidiary customer channels; no general corporate email is published

California Water Service was founded in 1926 and grew into the largest regulated water utility in the western United States, operating through state subsidiaries in California, Hawaii, New Mexico, Washington and Texas. The group published its 2025 sustainability report in May 2026 under the banner of its centenary year. The western anchor of US regulated water: a centenary utility whose California heartland faces the state's groundwater, PFAS and affordability agenda at first hand No named gap on the chief executive: the combined Chairman, President and CEO title is carried exactly as the group publishes it (May 2026 release).

Sources: California Water Service Group 2025 Sustainability Report release, 18 May 2026 (GlobeNewswire); group results releases 2025 (GlobeNewswire); Form 10-K FY2024; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

11. UNITED UTILITIES GROUP — WARRINGTON, UNITED KINGDOM

Founded 1995 (formed by the merger of North West Water and Norweb; origins in the North West Water Authority, 1974) · Regulated utility

Leader: Louise Beardmore, Chief Executive Officer (in office since March 2023; joined the company in 1996) Chair: Sir David Higgins, Chairman (Chair since 2020, per company reporting)

Leadership: President / COO: Matt Hemmings, Chief Operating Officer (in office since September 2024, per company executive reporting) CFO: Phil Aspin, Chief Financial Officer (in office since July 2020) Executive team published in the annual report, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer and the customer, people and corporate-affairs directors (unitedutilities.com; Annual Report 2026 board pages) Board of Directors: Sir David Higgins (Chair), Louise Beardmore (CEO), Phil Aspin (CFO) and independent non-executive directors including Doug Webb (Senior Independent Director), Liam Butterworth, Kath Cates, Alison Goligher, Clare Hayward and Michael Lewis (Annual Report 2026)

Business: Regulated drinking water supply; wastewater collection and treatment; renewable energy generation from bioresources within the regulated business; non-household retail through the Water Plus joint venture (recorded for structure)

Customers: Households and businesses across the North West of England (about 3.2 million households in the region in company reporting)

Scale: Revenue £2,146 million, FY2024/25, year ended 31 March 2025 (United Utilities annual results, May 2025)

People served & networks: About 7.6 million people in the North West of England (company reporting, 2025; the group describes itself as serving around seven million customers) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; network lengths are reported in the company's annual performance reporting to Ofwat — stated plainly

Footprint: The North West of England (Cumbria, Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside and Cheshire); £13 billion investment programme 2025–30 accepted January 2025 Headquarters: Haweswater House, Lingley Mere Business Park, Lingley Green Avenue, Great Sankey, Warrington WA5 3LP, United Kingdom (headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on the London Stock Exchange (UU.), FTSE 100; widely held Access: Customer service via unitedutilities.com; wholesale and developer services through published corporate channels

Website: unitedutilities.com · Contact: Phone: +44 1925 237 000 (headquarters number as published by United Utilities) Email: Not published — contact via unitedutilities.com customer and corporate channels; no general email is published

United Utilities was formed in 1995 by merging North West Water (the privatised north-western water authority of 1989) with the Norweb electricity business, later refocusing on water as the listed holding company of United Utilities Water, the regulated appointee for England's North West. In 2025 it accepted Ofwat's final determination for 2025–30, committing about £13 billion of investment. The North West's water company and the UK sector's largest listed pure water group by population in the Pennon comparison — carrying the sector's largest storm-overflow reduction programme of the 2025–30 period in its accepted plan No leadership gap: Chair, CEO, CFO and COO are all named with exact titles and start dates from company reporting.

Sources: United Utilities Annual Report 2026 board pages (unitedutilities.annualreport2026.com); FY2024/25 results and final-determination acceptance, Jan–May 2025 (unitedutilities.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

12. SEVERN TRENT — COVENTRY, UNITED KINGDOM

Founded 1974 (Severn Trent Water Authority); 1989 (privatised as Severn Trent plc) · Regulated utility

Leader: James Jesic, Chief Executive Officer (in office from 1 January 2026; previously Capital and Commercial Services Director and Managing Director of Hafren Dyfrdwy; succeeded Liv Garfield, who stepped down from the Board on 31 December 2025) Chair: Christine Hodgson CBE, Chair (Chair since 1 April 2020)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — Severn Trent publishes no President/COO title; operations sit with the executive committee directors named in the annual report CFO: Helen Miles, Chief Financial Officer (CFO since 6 July 2023) Executive committee as published by Severn Trent, including the CEO, CFO and the directors for capital and commercial services, customer operations and people; full roster in the annual report Board: Christine Hodgson (Chair), James Jesic (CEO), Helen Miles (CFO), Nick Hampton (Senior Independent Director from 1 May 2025) and independent non-executive directors (Annual Report 2025)

Business: Regulated drinking water supply and wastewater services (Severn Trent Water in the Midlands and mid-Wales fringe; Hafren Dyfrdwy in Wales); renewable energy (Severn Trent Green Power); property and other non-regulated services within the group

Customers: Households and businesses in the Midlands and Wales (about 4.6 million households in company reporting)

Scale: Revenue £2,428 million, FY2024/25, year ended 31 March 2025 (Severn Trent annual results, May 2025)

People served & networks: About 9.3 million people across the Midlands and Wales (company reporting, 2025) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; reported in annual performance reporting to Ofwat and the Environment Agency — stated plainly

Footprint: The English Midlands (from the Humber to the Severn) and the Hafren Dyfrdwy licence area in Wales; £15 billion investment programme 2025–30 Headquarters: Severn Trent Centre, 2 St John's Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ, United Kingdom (headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on the London Stock Exchange (SVT), FTSE 100; widely held (institutional holders include Qatar Holding and BlackRock in published shareholder reporting) Access: Customer service via severntrent.com; Welsh services via Hafren Dyfrdwy

Website: severntrent.com · Contact: Phone: +44 24 7771 5000 (headquarters number as published by Severn Trent) Email: Not published — contact via severntrent.com customer and corporate channels; no general email is published

Severn Trent descends from the 1974 water authority for the English Midlands, privatised in 1989. Under Liv Garfield (CEO 2014–2025) it became the sector's environmental-performance leader in regulator reporting, with its 2025–30 plan rated Outstanding by Ofwat and about £15 billion of investment. James Jesic, a 2003 graduate entrant, succeeded Garfield on 1 January 2026. The Midlands' water company, holder of the Environment Agency's highest four-star environmental rating for six consecutive years to 2025 in company reporting — and the guide's clearest UK succession, an internal engineer promoted from graduate entry to CEO Succession dated precisely from the company's 19 November 2025 RNS: Jesic from 1 January 2026, Garfield supporting handover to 31 March 2026. Entries naming Garfield as CEO are superseded as of this guide's date.

Sources: Severn Trent CEO succession RNS, 19 Nov 2025; Severn Trent Annual Report 2025 board pages; FY2024/25 results (severntrent.com); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

13. THAMES WATER (THAMES WATER UTILITIES) — READING, UNITED KINGDOM

Founded 1973 (Thames Water Authority); 1989 (privatised); 2023– (restructuring period under present ownership) · Regulated utility

Leader: Chris Weston, Chief Executive Officer (appointed January 2024) Chair: Sir Adrian Montague, Chairman (appointed July 2023)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — Thames Water publishes no President/COO title; the executive team is published on thameswater.co.uk and in the annual report CFO: Steve Buck, Chief Financial Officer (appointed April 2025, per the Annual Report 2025/26 board pages) Board and executive leadership as published in the Annual Report 2025/26, including Nick Land (Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Non-Executive Director), Catherine Lynn and Ian Pearson (independent non-executive directors) Board of Directors: Sir Adrian Montague (Chairman), Chris Weston (CEO), Steve Buck (CFO) and non-executive directors as listed in the Annual Report 2025/26

Business: Regulated drinking water supply; wastewater collection and treatment for London and the Thames Valley; operator interface with the Thames Tideway Tunnel (connected to the London network in 2024/25, per the annual report)

Customers: Households and businesses across London and the Thames Valley (about 16 million customers, company reporting)

Scale: Underlying revenue £2,603 million and underlying EBITDA £1,335 million, FY2024/25, year ended 31 March 2025, with a loss before tax of £1,647 million including £122 million of provisions for regulatory fines (Thames Water Annual Financial Report, 15 July 2025). Debt: the group's reported debt rose to £19.77 billion in the year to 31 March 2026 in Annual Report 2025/26 reporting summarised in national press coverage of the report — the dated FY2024/25 annual-report figures are the ones carried as this entry's scale basis

People served & networks: About 16 million customers across London and the South East (company reporting, 2025–26) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; network and asset data are reported to Ofwat in annual performance reporting — stated plainly

Footprint: London and the Thames Valley (the largest UK water and wastewater licence area by population) Headquarters: Clearwater Court, Vastern Road, Reading RG1 8DB, United Kingdom (headquarters as published)

Structure: Privately held by a consortium of pension and infrastructure investors (including OMERS and USS as long-standing holders, per company reporting); ultimate parent Kemble Water Holdings — ownership under review as part of the recapitalisation process described in the Notes Access: Customer service via thameswater.co.uk; investor relations and debt-investor reports published on the company's investor pages

Website: thameswater.co.uk · Contact: Phone: +44 800 316 9800 (customer number as published by Thames Water; corporate contact via thameswater.co.uk) Email: Not published — contact via thameswater.co.uk customer and investor channels; no general corporate email is published

Thames Water descends from the 1973 Thames Water Authority and was privatised in 1989. After ownership by RWE and then a Macquarie-led consortium (2006–17), it passed to a consortium of institutional investors including OMERS and the Universities Superannuation Scheme. The company's financial position is treated in this entry factually and neutrally, from company and regulator sources only, in the Notes and Scale fields below. London's water company: the largest UK utility by customers and the sector's financial-restructuring case — recorded here without advocacy, on company and regulator facts alone FINANCIAL POSITION — FACTUAL AND NEUTRAL, DATED: Thames Water's FY2024/25 annual report (15 July 2025) recorded a £1,647 million loss before tax. The company stated in its 2025 results and investor reporting that bills alone cannot fund its required investment and that it needs debt funding, creditor support and ultimately a recapitalisation. Ofwat's published work on the company and the Water (Special Measures) Act 2025 framework mean that, if a market-led recapitalisation cannot be completed, the statutory special-administration regime for water companies is the backstop provided for in law; the company continued to operate and to publish results through 2025/26 (Annual Report 2025/26 recording a return to pre-tax profit of £226.4 million on the figures summarised from that report, with debt higher at £19.77 billion). This guide takes no position on the outcome; it records the dated company and regulator position and flags the entry for the Tuesday watch.

Sources: Thames Water Annual Report 2025/26 board pages and Annual Financial Report for the year to 31 March 2025, 15 July 2025 (thameswater.co.uk); Thames Water investor report, 31 March 2025; Ofwat company pages; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

14. ANGLIAN WATER (ANGLIAN WATER GROUP) — HUNTINGDON, UNITED KINGDOM

Founded 1973 (Anglian Water Authority); 1989 (privatised) · Regulated utility

Leader: Mark Thurston, Group Chief Executive Officer (joined 1 July 2024; appointed to the Board and in office from 5 August 2024, succeeding Peter Simpson) Chair: Dr Ros Rivaz, Chair of Anglian Water Group (as published in the group's directorate-change releases)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — Anglian Water publishes no President/COO title; the executive leadership team is published on anglianwater.co.uk CFO: Not published in the sources consulted for this entry — Anglian Water's current finance-director naming was not verified from an official source at press time and is recorded as a named gap rather than carried from secondary listings Executive leadership team published on anglianwater.co.uk; the full roster was not reproduced in the official releases consulted — stated plainly Board of Anglian Water Group chaired by Dr Ros Rivaz, with Mark Thurston as Group Chief Executive (directorate-change releases, 2024)

Business: Regulated drinking water supply; wastewater collection and treatment; water recycling and resource management in the driest region of England, including strategic interconnector pipelines and new-reservoir development in its 2025–30 plan

Customers: Households and businesses across the East of England and Hartlepool (categories as published)

Scale: Revenue about £1.7 billion, FY2024/25 (Anglian Water Services annual reporting basis, as published in group results material) — carried as the group's reported regulated revenue basis

People served & networks: About 7 million people supplied with water and wastewater services in group reporting (about 4.3 million households for water services in company material) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; reported in annual performance reporting to Ofwat — stated plainly

Footprint: The East of England (Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Lincolnshire and Rutland) and Hartlepool Headquarters: Lancaster House, Lancaster Way, Ermine Business Park, Huntingdon PE29 6YJ, United Kingdom (headquarters as published)

Structure: Privately held by institutional investors through Anglian Water Group (including pension and infrastructure funds, per group reporting); not listed Access: Customer service via anglianwater.co.uk; developer and wholesale services through published corporate channels

Website: anglianwater.co.uk · Contact: Phone: +44 1480 323 000 (headquarters number as published by Anglian Water) Email: Not published — contact via anglianwater.co.uk customer and corporate channels; no general email is published (directorate-change releases publish a named corporate-affairs contact, which is a press contact, not a general address)

Anglian Water descends from the 1973 regional water authority for eastern England, privatised in 1989 and held since in private institutional ownership. Peter Simpson led the group for a decade to August 2024; Mark Thurston, formerly chief executive of HS2, Crossrail's delivery partner and the Olympic delivery programme, succeeded him to deliver the group's largest-ever business plan. The water company of England's driest and fastest-growing region — Anglian's plan pairs grid-scale interconnectors with two proposed new reservoirs, the largest supply-side programme in the English sector Named gap: the CFO cell is left as Not published because no current official naming was verified; the Chair and CEO are verified from the group's own directorate-change releases.

Sources: Anglian Water Group directorate-change releases (Thurston appointment, May–Aug 2024, via LSE/Investegate); Anglian Water group reporting (anglianwater.co.uk); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

15. PENNON GROUP (SOUTH WEST WATER) — EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM

Founded 1989 (South West Water privatised); Pennon Group as listed holding company · Regulated utility

Leader: Keith Haslett, Group Chief Executive Officer (appointed September 2025; joined the Board on completion of his Affinity Water notice period, no later than 30 June 2026 — therefore the serving CEO at this guide's October 2026 date) Chair: David Sproul, Chair (Chair of Pennon Group; acted as Executive Chair during the interim period 1 January 2026 until the new CEO joined, per the company's 9 December 2025 transition announcement)

Leadership: President / COO: Interim Operating Committee (January–June 2026) comprised Laura Flowerdew, Sarah Heald and Andrew Garard with delegated executive authority (company announcement); no standing President/COO title is published CFO: Laura Flowerdew, Group Chief Financial Officer (as published in the December 2025 transition announcement) Sarah Heald, Group Chief Strategy, Regulatory Affairs & Investor Relations Officer; Andrew Garard, Group General Counsel and Company Secretary (company announcement, December 2025) Board chaired by David Sproul; executive leadership as above (pennon-group.co.uk; RNS transition announcements 2025–26)

Business: Regulated drinking water supply (South West Water, Bristol Water and Sutton and East Surrey Water licence areas); wastewater collection and treatment in the South West; Pennon Power and other group activities recorded for structure

Customers: Households and businesses in Devon, Cornwall, Bristol, Bournemouth, Dorset, Somerset and the Sutton and East Surrey area (categories as published)

Scale: Revenue £1,048 million, FY2024/25, year ended 31 March 2025 (Pennon Group annual results, June 2025)

People served & networks: About 3.5 million customers across the group's licence areas in company reporting (South West Water serves about 2.4 million people in the South West peninsula and Bournemouth area) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; reported in annual performance reporting to Ofwat — stated plainly

Footprint: South West England (Devon and Cornwall), Bristol, Bournemouth and parts of Dorset and Somerset, and the Sutton and East Surrey licence area Headquarters: Peninsula House, Rydon Lane, Exeter EX2 7HR, United Kingdom (headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on the London Stock Exchange (PNN), FTSE 250; widely held Access: Customer service via southwestwater.co.uk; group contact via pennon-group.co.uk

Website: pennon-group.co.uk · Contact: Phone: +44 1392 446 688 (headquarters number as published by Pennon Group) Email: Not published — contact via pennon-group.co.uk and southwestwater.co.uk channels; no general email is published

Pennon is the listed owner of South West Water, formed on the 1989 privatisation of the south-western water authority, which absorbed Bristol Water in 2023 and Sutton and East Surrey Water in 2024. Susan Davy, CEO from 2020, announced her retirement in July 2025, stepped down on 31 December 2025, and was succeeded — after an interim period in which Chair David Sproul acted as Executive Chair from 1 January 2026 — by Keith Haslett, formerly CEO of Affinity Water, who joined no later than 30 June 2026. A consolidator among England's smaller appointees — Pennon folded Bristol Water and Sutton and East Surrey into South West Water to build scale the 1989 map never gave it Interim-period leadership is dated precisely (Davy to 31 Dec 2025; Sproul as Executive Chair from 1 Jan 2026; Haslett in post by 30 June 2026 at the latest) so that no superseded name is carried as current.

Sources: Pennon Group CEO retirement and transition RNS announcements, 11 July 2025 and 9 Dec 2025; Keith Haslett appointment reporting, Sept 2025; Pennon FY2024/25 results; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

16. SABESP (COMPANHIA DE SANEAMENTO BÁSICO DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO) — SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Founded 1973 (created by the State of São Paulo from predecessor sanitation companies) · Regulated utility

Leader: Carlos Augusto Leone Piani, Chief Executive Officer (elected 24 September 2024, in office from 1 October 2024, succeeding André Salcedo; previously chairman of Equatorial Energia — SABESP Material Fact, 25 September 2024) Chair: Not verified from an official source in sources consulted — the post-privatisation chairmanship is recorded as a named gap rather than carried from secondary listings

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — SABESP publishes executive officers (diretores) by portfolio rather than a President/COO title; the CEO is the chief executive officer under the bylaws CFO: Daniel Szlak, Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer (as published in SABESP investor-relations material in the post-privatisation management team; earnings-call participants list the CFO alongside the CEO) Executive officers by portfolio (operations, engineering, finance and investor relations, people and regulation) are published in SABESP's reference form and RI materials; the full roster is filed on ri.sabesp.com.br Board of Directors reconstituted on completion of privatisation (July 2024) with state, reference-shareholder and independent members; executive board led by the CEO (company Material Facts, 2024)

Business: Drinking water production and distribution; sewage collection and treatment; wholesale water supply to municipalities in the São Paulo metropolitan region; related sanitation and energy activities through subsidiaries

Customers: Municipalities (375 municipalities served in company reporting); households and industry, direct and wholesale

Scale: Net operating revenue about R$23 billion, FY2024 (SABESP annual results basis) — carried as the company's reported post-privatisation-year revenue; investment of R$10.6 billion in the first period after privatisation was reported by the company in 2025, with about R$70 billion planned to 2029 in management statements

People served & networks: About 28 million people served with water and sewage services in company reporting (375 municipalities in the State of São Paulo) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; network data is reported in SABESP's reference form and sustainability reporting — stated plainly

Footprint: 375 municipalities in the State of São Paulo, including the São Paulo metropolitan region (company reporting) Headquarters: Rua Costa Carvalho 300, Pinheiros, São Paulo, SP 05429-000, Brazil (headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on B3 (SBSP3) and NYSE (SBS); State of São Paulo about 18.3% and Equatorial Energia 15% as reference shareholder after the July 2024 privatisation, balance in free float (company and market reporting of the privatisation) Access: Customer service via sabesp.com.br and the Sabesp Mobile channels; investor relations via ri.sabesp.com.br

Website: sabesp.com.br · Contact: Phone: Not published — SABESP publishes customer service numbers for its service areas on sabesp.com.br; no corporate switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — investor relations contact via SABESP's RI site (ri.sabesp.com.br) forms; no general email is published

SABESP was created in 1973 as São Paulo state's sanitation company and grew into one of the world's largest water and sewage companies by population served. In July 2024 the State of São Paulo completed its privatisation: the state reduced its controlling stake from 50.3% to about 18.3%, Equatorial Energia became the reference shareholder with 15%, and the balance was sold to the public on B3 and the NYSE. A new board and chief executive took office on the first day of the new structure, with the universalisation target for water and sewage accelerated to 2029 under the new concession contract. Latin America's largest sanitation company and the sector's landmark privatisation of the decade — a former state utility now run to a 2029 universalisation deadline under a reference shareholder from Brazil's energy sector Privatisation dated and quantified from the transaction record (state 50.3% to about 18.3%; Equatorial 15% for R$6.9 billion; public offer about R$7.9 billion for a further 17%). Chairmanship gap is named in the README: no official post-privatisation chair naming was verified for this edition.

Sources: SABESP Material Fact on CEO election, 25 Sept 2024; SABESP privatisation reporting and Investor Day material 2025–26 (ri.sabesp.com.br); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

17. AGUAS ANDINAS — SANTIAGO, CHILE

Founded 1861 (Empresa de Agua Potable de Santiago origins); Aguas Andinas in present form from the 1999–2001 privatisation and reorganisation · Regulated utility

Leader: José Sáez Albornoz, Chief Executive Officer (appointed 28 April 2025, in office from 1 May 2025, succeeding Daniel Tugues; previously the company's Director of Strategy and Corporate Affairs, with the group since 2008 — Aguas Andinas consolidated earnings release, June 2025) Chair: Felipe Larraín Aspillaga, Chairman of the Board (elected at the Board session following the Annual General Meeting of 16 April 2025; Gustavo Migues Tafernaberry, Vice Chairman)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — Aguas Andinas publishes a Chief Executive Officer and corporate managers rather than a President/COO title CFO: Not published in the earnings releases consulted — Aguas Andinas reports its finance management in its annual report (memoria) rather than in the releases used for this entry; recorded as a named gap Corporate managers (gerentes) by area are published in the company's annual report; the April 2025 board renewal elected principal directors Felipe Larraín, Gustavo Migues, Didac Borrás, Giorgianna Cúneo, Fernando Samaniego, Rodrigo Manubens and Vivianne Blanlot (company earnings release, March 2025) Board of seven principal directors with alternates (elected 16 April 2025); executive led by the CEO (company reporting)

Business: Catchment and production of drinking water; distribution; sewage collection, treatment and disposal through the Mapocho-Trebal and La Farfana biofactories; non-regulated subsidiaries for industrial liquid waste, laboratory and energy services (Essbio lineage activities recorded in group reporting)

Customers: Households and businesses in the Santiago metropolitan region and, through subsidiaries, other Chilean regions; industrial clients of the non-regulated businesses

Scale: Revenue CLP 712.79 billion, trailing twelve months to December 2025, as compiled from company filings (market compilation of Aguas Andinas results); the company reports in Chilean pesos under SISS regulation — basis stated here

People served & networks: About 8 million people in the Santiago metropolitan region in company reporting (about 2.3 million drinking-water clients in SISS/company material) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; network renewal and hydraulic-efficiency programmes are reported in the company's earnings releases — stated plainly

Footprint: Santiago metropolitan region (Gran Santiago) as the core concession, with group operations in other Chilean regions through subsidiaries Headquarters: Alcalde Guzmán 1401, Providencia, Santiago, Chile (registered office as published in company filings)

Structure: Listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange (AGUAS-A / AGUAS-B); controlling shareholder Inversiones Aguas Metropolitanas, within the Veolia group lineage following the 2022 settlement (company reporting) Access: Customer service via aguasandinas.cl; investor relations via aguasandinasinversionistas.cl

Website: aguasandinas.cl · Contact: Phone: Not published — Aguas Andinas publishes customer service numbers on aguasandinas.cl; no corporate switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — investor relations via aguasandinasinversionistas.cl; no general email is published

Aguas Andinas descends from Santiago's 1861 potable-water company, passed through state ownership as EMOS, and was privatised from 1999, coming under the control first of Aguas de Barcelona (SUEZ lineage) and, after the 2022 settlement, of Veolia — which is why its former CEO Daniel Tugues moved to new challenges within Grupo Veolia in 2025 (company reporting). It is Chile's largest sanitation company, regulated by the Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios (SISS). Santiago's water company through a megadrought: its climate-adaptation programme — El Yeso reservoir management, groundwater, reuse and the Pirque mega-tanks — is the Latin American reference case for metropolitan water security Control lineage is stated from company reporting: the 2025 CEO change notice records the outgoing CEO moving within Grupo Veolia, which is the verifiable trace of present control in the sources consulted.

Sources: Aguas Andinas consolidated earnings releases, March and June 2025 (aguasandinasinversionistas.cl) — board renewal 16 April 2025, Chairman election and CEO appointment effective 1 May 2025; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

18. MANILA WATER COMPANY — QUEZON CITY (MANILA), PHILIPPINES

Founded 1997 (incorporated to take the East Zone concession of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System, MWSS) · Regulated utility

Leader: Roberto Jose R. Locsin, President and Chief Executive Officer (in office from 1 January 2026, succeeding Jose Victor Emmanuel A. de Dios, who stepped down at the end of 2025 after four years to lead Prime Infra's gas business — company succession reporting, 2025) Chair: Enrique K. Razon Jr., Chairperson (as published in the company's 2025 SEC officers filing)

Leadership: President / COO: Arnold Jether A. Mortera, Chief Operating Officer, East Zone; Melvin John M. Tan, Chief Operating Officer, Non-East Zone Philippines; the incoming CEO previously held Chief Operating Officer for International Business and Chief Administrative Officer (company officers filing, 2025) CFO: Gigi Iluminada T. Miguel, Chief Finance Officer and Treasurer (as published in the company's 2025 SEC officers filing; dated to that filing) Donato C. Almeda, Chief Regulatory Officer; Amabelle C. Asuncion, Corporate Secretary, Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer; Mailene M. Cabral, Chief Audit Executive and Chief Risk Officer (company officers filing, 2025) Board chaired by Enrique K. Razon Jr. with Sherisa P. Nuesa as Lead Independent Director (2025 filing); officers as above

Business: Drinking water supply and distribution (East Zone concession); wastewater and sanitation services; concessions and bulk-water supply elsewhere in the Philippines (Laguna, Boracay, Clark and other operating subsidiaries); international concessions and projects (Manila Water International)

Customers: Households and businesses in the MWSS East Zone (eastern Metro Manila and Rizal province); local water districts and estates served by subsidiaries; overseas concession counterparties

Scale: Revenue about PHP 36 billion, FY2024 (Manila Water annual report basis) — carried as the company's reported consolidated revenue for the last full year before the 2026 leadership change

People served & networks: About 7.7 million people in the East Zone in company reporting, with total population served across Philippine and international operations above 10 million in group material (dates as published in annual reporting) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; network data is reported to the MWSS Regulatory Office and in the annual report — stated plainly

Footprint: East Zone of Metro Manila and Rizal; subsidiaries across Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao; international operations in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia Headquarters: MWSS Administration Building, 489 Katipunan Avenue, Balara, Quezon City 1105, Philippines (headquarters as published)

Structure: Listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange (MWC); Prime Infrastructure Capital (Enrique K. Razon Jr.) is the controlling shareholder lineage since 2020–21, with Ayala Corporation retaining a minority holding (company disclosures) Access: Customer service via manilawater.com and the Manila Water app; new-concession partnerships via Manila Water International

Website: manilawater.com · Contact: Phone: +63 2 8917 5900 (headquarters number as published by Manila Water) Email: Not published — contact via manilawater.com and the Manila Water customer channels; investor relations via the company's IR pages, no general email published

Manila Water was created in 1997 as the Ayala-led consortium that won the 25-year East Zone concession in the landmark MWSS privatisation, extended to 2037 and renewed to 2047 in subsequent franchise and concession actions. Control passed in 2020–21 to Enrique K. Razon Jr.'s Prime Infrastructure Capital (Prime Infra), which with Ayala's residual holding reshaped the shareholder structure. The company now also operates concessions and bulk-water businesses across the Philippines and in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia through Manila Water International. The East Zone half of the 1997 Manila privatisation — the developing world's most studied water concession, which cut non-revenue water from over 60% to the low teens in company and regulator reporting and now exports the model across Asia Succession dated from 2025 succession reporting: de Dios to 31 December 2025, Locsin from 1 January 2026. Officer names beyond the CEO are dated to the company's 2025 SEC filing and are labelled as such.

Sources: Manila Water SEC officers filing 2025 (mediafiles.manilawater.com); Manila Water succession reporting, 2025 (company releases via InsiderPH and Reuters); Manila Water annual reporting; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

WATER TECHNOLOGY

19. XYLEM — WASHINGTON, D.C., UNITED STATES

Founded 2011 (created by the spin-off of ITT Corporation's water businesses; roots in Flygt, 1901, and Goulds Pumps, 1848) · Water technology

Leader: Matthew Pine, President and Chief Executive Officer (in office since 1 January 2024, as published across Xylem's 2025–26 results and appointment releases) Chair: Robert Friel, Chair of the Board (as published in Xylem governance material)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published as a separate President/COO distinct from the CEO; segment presidents lead Water Infrastructure, Applied Water, Measurement and Control Solutions and Water Solutions and Services (company segment-leadership announcements, 2026) CFO: William K. Grogan, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (as published in Xylem financial reporting) Executive leadership as published by Xylem includes the CEO, CFO, the segment presidents and the chief people, legal and sustainability officers; segment leadership appointments were announced in June 2026 (company releases) Board of Directors chaired by Robert Friel; executive team on xylem.com leadership pages

Business: Water technology in full: transport (Flygt and Goulds pumps); treatment (including the former Evoqua portfolio); measurement and metering (Sensus); digital analytics and control (Xylem Vue and related platforms); applied-water systems for buildings and industry. No municipal operating concessions — recorded plainly

Customers: Municipal utilities; industrial operators; commercial building owners; utilities' metering and network programmes (categories as published — Xylem's customers, not a population served)

Scale: Revenue US$9.0 billion, FY2025, with about 22,000 employees (Xylem full-year 2025 results and company reporting, February 2026); FY2024 revenue was US$8.56 billion

People served & networks: Not applicable as an operator — Xylem serves utilities and industry, not an end population; the cell records this plainly rather than borrowing its customers' populations. Its technologies are deployed in more than 150 countries in company reporting Networks: Not applicable — Xylem owns no municipal mains or sewers; it supplies the equipment and software that measure and move water through its customers' networks

Footprint: Operations and customers in more than 150 countries; headquarters in Washington, D.C., with major centres in the United States, Sweden, Germany and China Headquarters: 301 Water Street SE, Washington, DC 20003, United States (global headquarters as published by Xylem)

Structure: Listed on NYSE (XYL); widely held Fortune 500 company, no controlling shareholder Access: Products and services via xylem.com and authorised distributors; utility programmes via segment sales organisations

Website: xylem.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — Xylem publishes investor and media contacts on xylem.com; no general switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — contact via xylem.com forms and investor-relations channels; no general email is published

Xylem was formed in 2011 when ITT spun off its water and wastewater businesses (Flygt pumps, Sanitaire treatment, YSI and other brands) as a standalone listed company, named for the tissue that transports water in plants. It doubled its digital and treatment scale by acquiring Sensus (2016) and Evoqua Water Technologies (2023). Xylem is a technology and equipment company: it sells pumps, treatment systems, meters and analytics to utilities and industry and does not itself operate municipal water services — it is framed honestly as such in this guide. The pure-play water-technology major: the company the operating utilities in this guide buy pumps, membranes, meters and software from — included, and labelled, as technology rather than dressed as an operator Category discipline: Xylem's revenue is equipment and services revenue, not tariff revenue, and its entry is not compared like-for-like with the operators' people-served figures anywhere in this guide.

Sources: Xylem full-year 2025 results release, Feb 2026, and segment-leadership announcements, June 2026 (xylem.com / Business Wire); Xylem governance pages; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

20. PENTAIR — MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA (OPERATIONAL); DUBLIN (LEGAL DOMICILE), UNITED STATES / IRELAND

Founded 1966 (founded in St. Paul, Minnesota; water pure-play since the 2018 Tyco spin-off separation) · Water technology

Leader: John L. Stauch, President and Chief Executive Officer (in office since 2018, as published across Pentair's 2025–26 releases) Chair: David A. Jones, Chair of the Board (as published in Pentair governance material)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published as a separate President/COO distinct from the CEO; segment leadership covers Flow, Water Solutions and Pool (company reporting) CFO: Nicholas J. Brazis, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (as published in Pentair's March 2026 conference material); Robert (Bob) Hau was announced in 2026 to succeed as EVP and CFO effective 1 November 2026, after an interim arrangement — the transition is dated here so no superseded name is carried past its term Executive officers as published by Pentair include the CEO, CFO and segment and functional leaders (pentair.com leadership pages; SEC proxy filings) Board of Directors chaired by David A. Jones; executive officers as above

Business: Water technology in full: residential and commercial filtration and treatment (Everpure, Fleck and related brands); flow and fluid management (Sta-Rite, Berkeley); pool equipment (Pentair Pool); industrial water management. Pentair operates no municipal water services — recorded plainly

Customers: Homeowners and pool owners; commercial foodservice and buildings; industrial operators; distributors and dealers (categories as published — customers, not a population served)

Scale: Revenue about US$4.2 billion, FY2025, with about 9,000 employees serving customers in more than 150 countries (Pentair full-year 2025 results, February 2026)

People served & networks: Not applicable as an operator — Pentair is a technology and equipment supplier; the cell records this plainly rather than estimating an end population Networks: Not applicable — Pentair owns no municipal mains or sewers

Footprint: Customers in more than 150 countries; manufacturing and operations across North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific Headquarters: 5500 Wayzata Boulevard, Suite 800, Minneapolis, MN 55416, United States (operational headquarters as published); registered office in Dublin, Ireland

Structure: Listed on NYSE (PNR); widely held S&P 500 company; incorporated in Ireland Access: Products via pentair.com, dealers and distributors; investor relations via the named published contacts in company releases

Website: pentair.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — Pentair publishes named investor-relations and communications contacts with direct numbers in its releases; no general switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published as a general address — Pentair's releases publish named contacts (Investor Relations: shelly.hubbard@pentair.com; Communications: rebecca.osborn@pentair.com, as printed in company releases) — those named published addresses are the contact route recorded here

Pentair was founded in 1966 as a diversified industrial company and became a pure-play water company in 2018 when its electrical business was separated as nVent, leaving residential, commercial and industrial water treatment, filtration, flow and pool equipment. It is legally domiciled in Ireland as Pentair plc and operationally headquartered in Minneapolis. The consumer face of water technology in this guide: the filters under the sink, the softeners in the plant room and the pumps in the pool — a technology house, labelled as such CFO transition is dated (Brazis in published releases to March 2026; Hau effective 1 November 2026) because the change straddles this guide's October 2026 date.

Sources: Pentair full-year 2025 results release, Feb 2026, and 2026 conference and CFO-appointment releases (pentair.com / Business Wire); Pentair governance pages; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

21. KURITA WATER INDUSTRIES — TOKYO (NAKANO-KU), JAPAN

Founded 1949 (founded in Tokyo by Haruo Kurita as a boiler water-treatment chemicals business) · Water technology

Leader: Hirohiko Ejiri, President and Chief Executive Officer (Representative Executive Officer, President; in office since April 2023, as published across Kurita's 2025–26 releases and Integrated Report 2025) Chair: Not published in sources consulted — Kurita's board chairmanship was not verified from an official English-language source for this edition and is recorded as a named gap

Leadership: President / COO: Not published as a separate President/COO title; Corporate Officers by division were appointed effective 1 April 2025 in the company's published officer announcements CFO: Not published as a standalone CFO title in the English-language sources consulted — Kurita publishes Corporate Officers by responsibility rather than a CFO roster in English; stated plainly Corporate Officers as published by Kurita (announcement of 28 February 2025, effective 1 April 2025), including the executive general managers of the Electronics Industry, digital strategy and regional management divisions; full roster on kurita-water.com Board of Directors and Corporate Officers as published in the Kurita Group Integrated Report 2025 and officer announcements

Business: Industrial water treatment in full: water-treatment chemicals; water-treatment facilities including ultrapure-water production systems for electronics; maintenance and operation services; soil and groundwater remediation; PFAS solutions (including the DEXSORB partnership expanded in 2026). Kurita operates no municipal drinking-water concessions — recorded plainly

Customers: Semiconductor and electronics manufacturers; steel, chemical, refining, paper and power industries; building and facility operators (categories as published — industrial customers, not a population served)

Scale: Net sales about ¥409 billion, FY2024, year ended 31 March 2025 (Kurita annual reporting basis) — industrial services and equipment revenue, not tariff revenue

People served & networks: Not applicable as a municipal operator — Kurita serves industrial plants and facilities; the cell records this plainly Networks: Not applicable — Kurita owns no municipal mains or sewers; it designs, builds and services treatment facilities inside its customers' plants

Footprint: Operations across Japan, Asia, the Americas and EMEA (Kurita America and Kurita Europe regional headquarters); group companies in more than 20 countries in company reporting Headquarters: Nakano Central Park East, 4-5-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan (head office as published)

Structure: Listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (6370, Prime Market); widely held, no controlling shareholder Access: Services via kurita-water.com regional companies (Kurita America, Kurita Europe and Asian subsidiaries)

Website: kurita-water.com · Contact: Phone: Not published — Kurita publishes contact forms on kurita-water.com; no general switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — contact via kurita-water.com inquiry forms; no general email is published

Kurita was founded in 1949 to sell boiler water-treatment chemicals and grew into Japan's leading comprehensive water-treatment company, combining chemicals, facilities (ultrapure-water systems for semiconductor plants are a signature business) and maintenance services. It expanded globally through Kurita America, Kurita Europe and acquisitions including the 2019 purchase of Avista Technologies. The industrial-water specialist of the three technology entries: where Xylem moves water and Pentair treats it for buildings, Kurita keeps the world's semiconductor fabs in ultrapure water — the hidden utility inside the chip industry Named gaps: board chairmanship and a standalone CFO title could not be verified from official English-language sources; both cells say so. The President & CEO is verified from the company's own releases.

Sources: Kurita Corporate Officer appointment release, 28 Feb 2025, and Kurita Group Integrated Report 2025 (kurita-water.com); Kurita–Cyclopure PFAS release, April 2026 (Business Wire); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

STATE OR MUNICIPAL UTILITY

22. SYDNEY WATER — SYDNEY (PARRAMATTA), AUSTRALIA

Founded 1888 (Board of Water Supply and Sewerage, Sydney); Sydney Water Corporation in present form from 1994 · State or municipal utility

Leader: Darren Cleary, Chief Executive Officer (titled Managing Director in some Sydney Water material; started 17 November 2025, succeeding acting CEO Paul Plowman; previously Chief Executive/Managing Director of Hunter Water 2020–25 — NSW Government appointment announcement, 2025) Chair: The Hon. Niall Blair, Chair of the Board (as published in the 2025–26 Statement of Corporate Intent, agreed 28 November 2025)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — Sydney Water publishes an executive team under the CEO rather than a President/COO title (Statement of Corporate Intent and annual reporting) CFO: Not published in the sources consulted for this entry — Sydney Water's finance executive naming was not verified from an official source at press time and is recorded as a named gap Executive team published in Sydney Water's annual report and Statement of Corporate Intent; board directors listed in the 2025–26 SCI include Craig Roy, Christine Covington, Professor Don Nutbeam, Greg Couttas, Dr Alex Fisher, Michael Shur and Michelle Tierney alongside the Chair Board of Directors chaired by Niall Blair (2025–26 Statement of Corporate Intent); CEO Darren Cleary from 17 November 2025

Business: Drinking water supply; wastewater collection and treatment; recycled water; stormwater (limited trunk drainage) for Greater Sydney and the Illawarra — a state utility, not a concession operator

Customers: Households, businesses and developers across Greater Sydney, the Blue Mountains and the Illawarra (categories as published)

Scale: Revenue about A$3.1 billion, FY2023/24 (Sydney Water annual report basis) — state-owned corporation accounts; the 2025–26 Statement of Corporate Intent is built on the utility's IPART price submission of September 2024 and the September 2025 final determination, as the SCI itself records

People served & networks: About 5.4 million customers (NSW Government appointment announcement, 2025: 'the needs of our 5.4 million customers') Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; asset data is reported in the annual report and IPART submissions — stated plainly

Footprint: Greater Sydney, the Blue Mountains and the Illawarra, New South Wales Headquarters: 1 Smith Street, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia (head office as published in the Statement of Corporate Intent)

Structure: State-owned corporation of the Government of New South Wales (shareholding ministers: the Treasurer and the Minister for Finance, per the 2025–26 Statement of Corporate Intent); kept in public ownership as NSW Government policy Access: Customer service via sydneywater.com.au; developer and major-customer channels published on the site

Website: sydneywater.com.au · Contact: Phone: +61 13 20 92 (customer contact number as published by Sydney Water; corporate contact via sydneywater.com.au) Email: Not published — contact via sydneywater.com.au forms and customer channels; no general corporate email is published

Sydney Water descends from the 1888 Board of Water Supply and Sewerage and is today a New South Wales state-owned corporation, wholly owned by the NSW Government and regulated on price by IPART. In March 2025 the board changed the utility's leadership, ending Roch Cheroux's tenure (2019–25); Paul Plowman acted as chief executive from March 2025 until Darren Cleary, formerly Managing Director of Hunter Water, started as chief executive on 17 November 2025. Australia's largest water utility and this guide's antipodean state model: publicly owned by statute and policy, price-regulated by IPART, and embarking on its largest capital programme as Sydney grows west Title note: Sydney Water uses both Chief Executive Officer (NSW appointment announcement) and Managing Director (its own 2026 forum biography) for Darren Cleary's role; both published usages are recorded rather than one being silently chosen.

Sources: NSW Government appointment announcement for Darren Cleary, 2025 (via Smart Water Magazine and Infrastructure Magazine reporting of the announcement); Sydney Water Statement of Corporate Intent 2025–26 (sydneywater.com.au); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

23. PUB, SINGAPORE'S NATIONAL WATER AGENCY — SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE

Founded 1963 (Public Utilities Board created); 2001 (PUB reconstituted as the national water agency) · State or municipal utility

Leader: Ong Tze-Ch'in, Chief Executive (in office from 1 November 2023, succeeding Goh Si Hou; concurrently Deputy Secretary (Resilience) at MSE at appointment — MSE appointment release, 2023) Chair: Chiang Chie Foo, Chairman of the PUB Board (chairman since 2017, per PUB board-appointment releases)

Leadership: President / COO: Not applicable — PUB is a statutory board led by a Chief Executive with deputy chief executives by function, published on pub.gov.sg; no President/COO title exists CFO: Not published as a CFO title — PUB publishes its board and senior management on pub.gov.sg under MSE; agency finance is reported in PUB's annual report rather than through a corporate CFO roster, stated plainly Deputy Chief Executives and directors by function (water supply, used water, catchment and environment, coastal protection) as published on pub.gov.sg PUB Board chaired by Chiang Chie Foo, appointed under MSE; Chief Executive Ong Tze-Ch'in (MSE releases; PUB annual report)

Business: Integrated national water loop: drinking water supply from the Four National Taps; used-water collection and reclamation (NEWater); desalination; drainage and stormwater; coastal protection and flood management (national mandate added under Goh Si Hou's tenure, per MSE)

Customers: The entire population and economy of Singapore — households, industry (including water-intensive sectors under mandatory recycling rules) and government (categories as published)

Scale: Not a commercial revenue figure — PUB is a statutory board funded through water tariffs, taxes and government financing under MSE; its annual report publishes operating income and expenditure on an agency basis and no listed-company revenue is carried here, stated plainly

People served & networks: About 5.9 million residents of Singapore (the national population PUB serves; PUB reports service to the whole city-state) Networks: Not published as a single headline km total in the entry sources consulted; PUB reports its water, used-water and drainage networks in its annual report and the Deep Tunnel Sewerage System programme material — stated plainly

Footprint: The island of Singapore (about 734 km²), including the Marina, Serangoon, Punggol and Johor River catchments and offshore desalination and NEWater plants Headquarters: PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, Environment Building, 40 Scotts Road #22-01, Singapore 228231 (address as published)

Structure: Statutory board under Singapore's Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment (MSE); wholly state-owned agency, not a company Access: Public services and feedback via pub.gov.sg; industry water-efficiency programmes and tenders published on the site

Website: pub.gov.sg · Contact: Phone: +65 6235 8888 (PUB contact number as published) Email: Not published as a general address — PUB publishes feedback and service channels on pub.gov.sg (including its 24-hour call centre); no general email is published

The Public Utilities Board was created in 1963 for water, electricity and gas; in 2001 PUB was reconstituted as Singapore's national water agency, managing the whole water loop — supply, catchment, used water — and later took the additional mandate of national coastal-protection agency. Its Four National Taps strategy (local catchment, imported water, NEWater recycling and desalination) is the world's reference model for a city-state's water security. The only entry that is a whole country's water system in one agency: catchment to tap to NEWater to coastal defence, run as a statutory board — the city-state model against which the concession and regulated models in this guide are measured Agency framing: PUB has no shareholders, listing or commercial C-suite; the leadership cells record its statutory-board equivalents exactly, and the scale cell explains the funding basis instead of inventing a revenue.

Sources: MSE appointment release for Ong Tze-Ch'in, 2023, and PUB board-appointment releases (mse.gov.sg; pub.gov.sg); PUB annual report and Four National Taps material (pub.gov.sg); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

24. RAND WATER — JOHANNESBURG (GLENVISTA), SOUTH AFRICA

Founded 1903 (Rand Water Board established for the Witwatersrand) · State or municipal utility

Leader: Sipho Mosai, Group Chief Executive (in office since 2019; previously Chief Operations Officer for ten years — Rand Water Integrated Annual Report 2025 and executive profiles) Chair: Ramateu Monyokolo, Chairperson of the Board (as published in Rand Water stakeholder reporting, 2026)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published as a President title; the Group Chief Executive is supported by the chief operating and chief financial executives published in the Integrated Annual Report — a single COO naming was not carried from the report extracts consulted, stated plainly CFO: Not published in the sources consulted for this entry — Rand Water's current Chief Financial Officer naming was not verified from an official source at press time and is recorded as a named gap Executive committee as published in the Integrated Annual Report 2025, including the Group Chief Executive's office and the operations, scientific services and strategy executives Board chaired by Ramateu Monyokolo; Group Chief Executive Sipho Mosai (Rand Water Integrated Annual Report 2025; stakeholder reporting 2026)

Business: Bulk potable water treatment and supply to municipalities (core mandate); water quality and scientific services; sanitation services through Rand Water Services; training through the Rand Water Academy — a bulk utility: it does not retail water to households

Customers: Metropolitan and local municipalities (which retail to residents); mines and industry supplied directly in its area (categories as published)

Scale: Revenue on an integrated-annual-report basis for FY2024/25 (year ended 30 June 2025) is published in Rand Water's Integrated Annual Report 2025 with a gross profit margin on primary activities of 31.7% and net profit margin of 22.7% (Group Chief Executive's review) — the audited revenue line is in the report's financial statements and is not restated here from secondary summaries, stated plainly

People served & networks: More than 18 million people in the municipalities supplied, across Gauteng and parts of Mpumalanga, the Free State and North West (Rand Water reporting, 2025; supply area given as over 18,000 km² in mandate reporting and over 37,000 km² including the wider network in sector profiles) Networks: Not published as a single dated km total in the entry sources consulted; the system is described plant by plant (Zuikerbosch and Vereeniging purification works and the distribution network) in the Integrated Annual Report — stated plainly

Footprint: Gauteng province and parts of Mpumalanga, the Free State and North West, South Africa Headquarters: 522 Impala Road, Glenvista 2058, Johannesburg, South Africa (head office as published)

Structure: State-owned water board (Schedule 3B national government business enterprise under the Public Finance Management Act); sole shareholder the Republic of South Africa through the Minister of Water and Sanitation (Rand Water reporting, 2025) Access: Bulk supply agreements with municipalities; public information via randwater.co.za

Website: randwater.co.za · Contact: Phone: +27 11 682 0911 (head-office number as published by Rand Water) Email: Not published — contact via randwater.co.za channels; no general email is published

Rand Water was established in 1903 to supply the gold-mining Witwatersrand and is today a state-owned water board under South Africa's Water Services Act, the largest bulk-water utility in Africa in its own reporting. It treats Vaal River water at Vereeniging and Zuikerbosch — where the new Station 5A purification works, adding 600 million litres a day, opened in August 2025 — and supplies the municipalities of Gauteng and beyond in bulk. Africa's bulk-water giant: Rand Water sells no glass of water to any household, yet 18 million people drink its product through their municipalities — the wholesale layer of the water world, made visible Named gap: the CFO cell is unverified for this edition. The scale cell deliberately carries the audited-margin facts verified from the Group Chief Executive's review rather than a revenue figure taken from a secondary summary.

Sources: Rand Water Integrated Annual Report 2025, Group Chief Executive's review (randwater.co.za); Rand Water stakeholder and Station 5A reporting, 2025–26; LIKE survey, Oct 2026

25. ATHENS WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE COMPANY (EYDAP) — ATHENS (GALATSI), GREECE

Founded 1980 (EYDAP created as the Athens water and sewerage company) · State or municipal utility

Leader: Charalampos (Haris) Sachinis, Chief Executive Officer (in office since 2019, as published in EYDAP's 2025 financial reporting and EIB financing releases) Chair: Georgios Stergiou, Chairman of the Board of Directors (as published in EYDAP's semi-annual financial report for H1 2025, signed 24 September 2025; earlier listings naming Theodora Varvarigou as chair are superseded)

Leadership: President / COO: Not published — EYDAP publishes executive directors and senior managers rather than a President/COO title CFO: Spyridon Stamou, Chief Financial and Supply Chain Officer (as recorded in published management listings for EYDAP; dated to those listings) Executive and senior management as published by EYDAP, including the finance, legal, human-resources and shareholder-services directors in company listings Board of Directors: Georgios Stergiou (Chairman), Charalampos Sachinis (CEO and executive director) and non-executive and independent members and employee representatives (semi-annual report 2025; management listings)

Business: Drinking water supply and treatment for metropolitan Athens (four treatment plants with total capacity of about 1,900,000 m³ per day in published company data); sewerage and wastewater treatment (Psyttalia, Metamorphosis and Thriasio plants); network operation and renewal

Customers: Households and businesses in the Athens metropolitan area (Attica); municipalities for wastewater services

Scale: Revenue about €365 million, trailing twelve months to December 2025 as compiled from company filings (market compilation of EYDAP results); EYDAP reports in euros under Greek listing rules — basis stated here; H1 2025 turnover was €173.3 million (company analysts' briefing, 25 September 2025)

People served & networks: About 4.3 million customers supplied with water and about 3.5 million with sewerage services (company data as published) Networks: Water distribution network of about 14,500 km and sewerage network of about 8,716 km (company data as published in listings of EYDAP's system)

Footprint: The Athens metropolitan area (Attica), Greece Headquarters: 156 Oropou Street, 111 46 Galatsi, Athens, Greece (head office as published)

Structure: Listed on the Athens Exchange (EYDAP); the Greek state is the controlling shareholder (majority holding through the state asset structures, about 61% in published shareholder reporting including the Hellenic Corporation of Assets and Participations) Access: Customer service via eydap.gr and the 1022 line; investor relations via eydap.gr

Website: eydap.gr · Contact: Phone: Not published — EYDAP publishes its customer service line (1022 within Greece) on eydap.gr; no corporate switchboard was published in sources consulted Email: Not published — investor relations via eydap.gr; no general email is published

EYDAP was created in 1980 to serve the Athens metropolitan area, was listed on the Athens Exchange in 1999 with the Greek state retaining control, and operates under a long-term concession of the state's fixed assets (EYDAP Pagion). It is Greece's largest water company, now investing — with €250 million of European Investment Bank financing agreed in 2025 — in network renewal and climate resilience for Attica under the new RAAEY regulatory framework. Athens' water company and the Mediterranean drought case of this guide: a state-controlled listed utility financing leak reduction and reuse while Attica's reservoirs fall — with the EIB's €250 million vote of confidence recorded in 2025 Chairmanship is dated to the H1 2025 semi-annual report (Stergiou) because older reference sources still list a predecessor; the dated filing controls.

Sources: EYDAP semi-annual financial report H1 2025 (signed 24 Sept 2025) and analysts' briefing, 25 Sept 2025 (athens.euronext.com); EIB–EYDAP €250 million financing release, 2025 (eib.org); EYDAP company data (eydap.gr); LIKE survey, Oct 2026

NAMED GAPS

REMONDIS Aqua publishes no separate chief executive, division revenue or people-served total apart from the Rethmann Group; its entry records the parent board and says so in every affected cell — the one entry of 25 without a named company-level CEO.

Aqualia publishes its CEO and regional managers but no full C-suite, CFO or separate chairman; ACCIONA publishes no water-division C-suite or water-only audited revenue (water sits inside its Infrastructure division); SAUR publishes no named group CFO. All three entries say so in-cell.

Anglian Water (CFO), SABESP (post-privatisation Chairman), Aguas Andinas (CFO in the releases consulted), Sydney Water (CFO) and Rand Water (CFO): the specific office could not be verified from an official source for this edition and is recorded as Not published / Not verified in-cell rather than carried from secondary listings.

Kurita Water Industries: the board chairmanship and a standalone CFO title could not be verified from official English-language sources; the President & CEO is verified from the company's own releases.

PUB, Singapore publishes no commercial revenue — it is a statutory board under the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment, funded on an agency basis; its scale cell explains the basis instead of carrying a company-style figure. Rand Water's audited revenue line is in its Integrated Annual Report financial statements and is not restated here from secondary summaries.

Networks: most operators do not publish a single consolidated kilometres-of-mains figure; networks are filed with regulators (Ofwat, state commissions, SISS, IPART) system by system. Where a dated system figure is published (EYDAP) it is carried; elsewhere the cell says Not published and names where the data is filed.

Contact emails: almost no company in this guide publishes a general email address — contact runs through web forms, customer channels and investor-relations pages, and the guide prints that route. Pentair is the exception that proves the rule: its releases print named investor-relations and communications addresses, which are carried as published.

Xylem, Pentair and Kurita are technology and equipment companies, not operators: they have no people-served population and no mains or sewers of their own, and their entries record that plainly rather than borrowing their customers' figures. Their revenues are equipment and services revenues, not tariff revenues.

Thames Water is recorded factually and neutrally from its own annual reports and Ofwat material only, dated in the entry: FY2024/25 loss before tax of £1,647 million, the company's stated need for debt funding, creditor support and a recapitalisation, the statutory special-administration backstop in law if a market-led recapitalisation cannot be completed, and the FY2025/26 return to pre-tax profit with debt of £19.77 billion as reported from the Annual Report 2025/26. The guide takes no position on the outcome.

American Water Works and Essential Utilities announced an agreed merger on 27 October 2025; it was pending at press time (shareholder approval reported February 2026, state approvals in progress) and both companies are therefore listed separately, as independent listed companies, in this edition.